What Is Hip Pain?

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DR. SUNIL RAJAN
Head of Department Apollo Institute of
Orthopaedics, Apollo Hospitals, Indore M.S
Orthopedics, Specialization Joint Replacement
Surgery
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Facts You Should Know About Hip Pain
The hip is a ball and socket joint that attaches
the leg to the torso of the body. In the hip
joint, the head of the femur (thighbone) swivels
within the acetabulum, the socket, made up of
pelvic bones. While many causes of hip pain can
arise from the joint itself, there are numerous
structures surrounding the hip that can also be
the source of pain. Trauma is often the cause of
hip pain, but any source of inflammation may
cause pain in the hip area. Pain is one of the
symptoms of inflammation, along with swelling,
warmth, and redness together these are signals
and symptoms that a problem may exist. Seek
medical care if you are concerned that a bone is
broken, if you're experiencing fever and
swelling, or you have a loss of bladder or bowel
function. Hip pain treatment depends upon your
underlying illnesses and diagnosis.
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What Causes Hip Pain?
Pain may arise from structures that are within
the hip joint or from structures surrounding the
hip.
The hip joint is a potential space. This means
that normally there is a minimal amount of fluid
inside the joint to allow the femoral head to
glide in the socket of the acetabulum. Any
illness or injury that causes inflammation will
cause this space to fill with fluid or blood,
stretching the hip capsule lining and resulting
in pain.
Articular cartilage lines the femoral head and
the acetabulum, allowing the bones to move within
the joint with less friction. Also, the socket
area of the acetabulum is covered with tough
cartilage called the labrum. Just like any other
joint cartilage, these areas can wear away or
tear and become the source of pain. There are
thick bands of tissue that surround the hip
joint, forming a capsule. These help maintain the
hip joint stability, especially with movement,
keeping the femoral head firmly in the acetabulum.
Movement at the hip joint is possible because of
the muscles and tendons that surround the hip and
that attach across the hip joint, allowing the
leg to move in different directions. Aside from
controlling movement, these muscles also act
together to maintain joint stability. There are
large bursas (fluid-filled sacs) that surround
areas of the hip and allow the muscles and
tendons to glide more easily over bony
prominences. Any of these structures can become
inflamed.
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Pain can be referred from other structures
outside the hip joint, meaning that while the hip
hurts, the problem may potentially originate
elsewhere. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve as
it arises from the spinal cord in the back can
cause hip pain, especially if the L1 or L2 nerve
roots are involved. Other types of nerve
inflammation may manifest as hip pain, including
pain arising in the lateral femoral cutaneous
nerve of the thigh, which is often inflamed in
pregnancy. Pain from an inguinal or femoral
hernia, or a sports hernia (athletic pubalgia)
may also cause pain that is felt in the hip.
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Hip pain is a nonspecific complaint that requires
the health care professional to find the
underlying cause from the many potential injuries
or illnesses. The approach to the diagnosis of
hip pain requires an open mind because the source
of trauma or the cause of illness may not be
readily apparent.
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