How Catalytic Converter Helps to Reduce Car Emission

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HOW CATALYTIC CONVERTER HELPS TO REDUCE CAR
EMISSION?
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Ignition of hydrocarbon-based fuel inside the
combustion chamber of an engine generates a huge
amount of environmental pollutants as byproducts.
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Invention and integration of catalytic converter
in the car has significantly reduced the emission
level.
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It helps to get rid of carbon monoxide, oxides of
nitrogen, and other kinds of pollutants and thus
prevents air pollution.
5
However, clogged or defective catalytic could not
do its job efficiently.
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Any signs which show that the catalytic converter
has issues should not be overlooked.
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Efforts should be made to remove the contaminants
and keep the catalytic converted clean.
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COMPONENTS OF A CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Catalyst is a substance that induces or
accelerates a chemical reaction.
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The catalytic converter uses certain types of
metallic catalysts which helps to convert toxic
pollutants to non-toxic gases.
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Usually, modern car makers use noble metals like
platinum, palladium, and rhodium in the catalytic
converter.
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A catalytic converter has two different types of
catalyst
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• REDUCTION CATALYST
• OXIDATION CATALYST

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Such components made of a ceramic complex
laminated with metallic catalysts like palladium,
platinum, or rhodium.
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TYPES OF THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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There are two different types of the catalytic
converter with distinct features.
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TWO-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Such types of catalytic converters were widely
used during the 1980s.
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Two-way catalytic converter could efficiently
convert carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to
carbon dioxide.
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• 2CO O2 ? 2 CO2
• HYDROCARBONS O2 ? CO2 H2O

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However, it could not deal with oxides of
nitrogen which are solely responsible for the
smog and acid rain.
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THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER
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Such types of catalytic converters can reduce the
emission of NO and NO2 which are solely
responsible for the acid rain.
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It reduces the oxides of nitrogen to free
nitrogen which is not toxic.
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• Following reactions might be helpful to
  understand the reduction of oxides of nitrogen to
  free and non-toxic nitrogen.
• 2 H2 2 NO ? 2 H2O N2
• 2 CO 2 NO ? 2 CO2 N2
• HYDROCARBON NO ? CO2 H2O N2

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Besides, a three-way catalytic converter could
more efficiently deal with the carbon monoxide
and unburned hydrocarbons.
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FINALLY
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Catalytic converter plays a crucial role by
converting toxic environmental pollutants to
non-toxic free gases.
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Any kinds of abnormalities in the catalytic
converters should never be neglected.
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The root cause of such abnormalities should be
identified and repaired in time.
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THANK YOU
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