Driver Education

1
Driver Education

• Day 12
• Buying a Car
• Car Systems and Maintenance

2
Determining Need

• Can You Afford A Car?
• Pay for gas, maintenance, insurance, license,
  parking, etc.
• How Will it affect your Schedule?
• How much more work are you going to have to do
  to own a car?
• Are you Mature enough?
• Did you consider honestly all of the costs?
• Can you not cave to the influences of Peer
  Pressure?

3
What Kind of Car to Get

• How Many Passengers?
• Age of your Passengers?
• How many miles are you going to drive?
• Are you going to tow or carry heavy items?
• What is the cost of the car with insurance
• What are the maintenance costs?

4
Factors Involved in Selection

• What Safety features does it have?
• What kind of air bags, ABS
• Death rate per 10,000, more than 2?
• What is the crash rating of the car?
• What is the size of the car?
• Death rate for single vehicle accidents vs
  multivehicle accidents?
• Is the car comfortable to you?

5
Determining Fuel Efficiency

• Weight of Car
• Heavier, less efficient, safer
• Lighter, more efficient, not as safe
• Engine Type
• Generally more cylinders, less efficient
• Design of car
• Aerodynamic design
• Transmission type
• Manual can be more efficient than auto

6
Determining Fuel Efficiency...

• Power Train
• Axle-gear ratio, higher more efficient
• Power Equipment
• Adds luxury but adds weight, less efficient
• Extra Equipment
• A/C, decreases fuel efficiency

7
Buying a Used Car

• Check to see if it has a warranty
• Check blue book price to see if price the person
  is asking is appropriate
• Test Drive
• check for blue smoke, loose steering, squeaks,
  bad brakes
• Take it to your mechanic to have it checked out

8
Financing

• You may have to get a loan to buy your car.
• If you dont have a job, you will need a
  co-signer
• A 2000.00 car financed at 12 for 2 years will
  end up costing 2480.00
• Pay off principal as fast as possible
• You will be required to have full insurance if
  car is financed.

9
Insurance

• Liability Insurance
• Protects you against claims if you are at fault
• Pays for injury or damage you do to other people
• Bodily Injury Liability covers injury or death
  with legal fees to other people
• Covers only up to policy limits
• Property Damage Liability covers damages to
  other peoples cars and property
• Covers only up to policy limits

10
Insurance

• Uninsured Motorist
• Covers bodily injury to you caused by an
  uninsured motorist
• Collision Insurance
• Pays for damage done to your car even if it is
  your fault in a collision
• Deductible policy makes you pay a certain amount
  for the damage before insurance pays

11
Insurance

• Comprehensive Insurance
• Pays for damage other than collision such as
  animals, hail, tornado, wind, etc
• Medical Payment Insurance
• Pays for your medical, hospital, or funeral
  costs no matter who is at fault
• No-Fault Insurance
• Insurance pays before fault is found
• Towing Insurance
• Pays to have your car towed.

12
Factors that Determine Cost

• Age
• Driving Record
• Mileage you drive per year
• Where you live
• Gender
• Marital Status
• Value of Car
• Type of Car

13
Checks

• Fluid Levels
• Engine Oil
• Coolant Level
• Brake Fluid
• Power Steering Fluid
• windshield washer fluid
• Automatic transmission
• Belts, Hoses, and Wires
• Check belts and hoses for cracks and frays
• Check to make sure cables are tightly connected

14
Checks

• After Starting the engine
• gauges and warning lights
• brakes
• horn
• lights and turn signals
• Check the owners manual for proper maintenance
  procedures and intervals

15
How Does Your Engine Work?

• Turning the key causes power to be drawn from
  the batter to Starter Motor
• Starter turns the Flywheel, the flywheel turns
  the crankshaft
• Pistons in the cylinder are attached to the
  crankshaft and move up and down with it
• Each cylinder has a spark plug which creates a
  spark to ignite the gas/air mizutre to cause
  explosions which move the pistons up and down

16
Power Train

• Transmits power from the engine to the wheels
• Transmission is connected by a drive shaft to
  the differential which allows the drive wheels to
  turn at different speeds when the car turns

17
Maintenance

• Change oil and filter regularly, about 2000
  3000 milesh
• every year or 12,000 miles check spark plugs,
  air and gas filters, regulators, alternator,
  battery terminals, etc.

18
Fuel System

• Fuel is stored in the tank
• the fuel pump moves the fuel from the tank
  through the fuel filter to the carburetor or
  injectors
• At the carburetor or injector, air is mixed with
  the fuel after passing through the air filter and
  is vaporized into the cylinders

19
Exhaust System

• Exhaust system carries harmful fumes to the rear
  of the vehicle and also muffles engine noise
• the exhaust manifold collects unburned gases and
  travels through a pipe to the muffler
• The Catalytic converter helps reduce the harmful
  emissions

20
Electrical System

• The battery is the heart and provides power to
  start the engine
• After the car is started the alternator
  recharges the battery and supplies electricity to
  operate the equipment
• The voltage regulator controls the amount of
  electricity produced
• The distributor sends electricity to the spark
  plugs
• Fuses protect the electrical devices from burnout

21
Light Systems

• Includes all lights in your system
• Headlights
• Taillights
• side marker lights
• dome light
• parking lights
• turn signal indicator
• warning lights
• Dash lights

22
Maintaining Lights and Electric

• Keep battery cables free from corrosion
• Keep an eye on alternator gauge or light
• Keep headlights and taillights clean
• A thin layer of dirt can cut output by 90
• Keep headlights aligned
• Check lights for burnt out bulbs

23
Lubricating System

• Oil is the key element, helps reduce friction,
  heat and wear, and keeps things clean
• Oil pump moves oil from oil pan to moving parts
• The oil filter cleans the oil as it circulates

24
Cooling System

• Coolant is a mixture of water and anti-freeze
• Coolant is stored in the radiator and overflow
  tank
• The water pump pumps the coolant through the
  cooling network
• A fan forces air through the radiator to cool it
• A thermostat controls the flow of coolant to
  maintain optimum temp.

25
Maintaining Lubricating and Cooling Systems

• Check oil and coolant levels on a regular basis
• Use proper oil and coolant for your vehicle
• Check coolant for proper protection
• Coolant needs to be changed or recycled
  occasionally

26
Suspension System

• Supports the cars weight, sushions the ride, and
  helps keep car stable over bumps
• Springs soften the impact of bumps on the
  roadway
• Shock absorbers work to control the bouncing and
  keeps your tires on the ground

27
Steering System

• Enables you to turn the front wheels of your car
• Connects the steering wheel to the front tires
  with a steering shaft and movable rods

28
Brake System

• Brakes are engaged by use of hydraulic pressure
• Stepping on the brake forces brake fluid from
  the master cylinder through the brake lines to
  the wheel cylinders
• Two kinds of brakes
• Drum brakes us brake shoes to push against a
  brake lining, which presses against a hollow
  metal drum inside the wheel
• Disk brakes, pressure squeezes brake pads
  against a flat metal disk
• Parking brake is attached by a cable

29
Tires

• Tires should be inflated to tire manufacturers
  proper inflation level
• The grooves on the tires should be deeper than
  1/16 of an inch and wear bars not showing
• Keeping tires rotated and balanced, every 6000
  miles will increase tire life and save money

30
Warning signs of Problems

• Too much play in steering
• Steering wheel vibrates
• Car Wobbles
• Car pulls to one side
• Brakes dont work very well
• Uneven wear on tires
• bulges on the tires
• frequent pressure loss on one tire