Jaundice - My Free Prescription

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My Free Prescription
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What Is Jaundice?

• Jaundice is a yellow mark of the skin, mucous
  membranes, and the whites of the eyes happened by
  enhancing the amounts of bilirubin in the blood.
  Jaundice is a signal of an underlying disease
  process.
• Bilirubin is a by-product of the regular natural
  breakdown and blowing up of red blood cells in
  the body.
• The hemoglobin molecule that is removed into the
  blood by this operation is cleaved, with the heme
  part undergoing a chemical conversion to
  bilirubin.
• Generally, the liver metabolizes and expel the
  bilirubin in the form of bile.
• However, if there is a disturbance in this
  normal metabolism and/or production of bilirubin,
  jaundice may outcome.

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What Causes Jaundice?

• Jaundice may be caused by some dissimilar disease
  operations. It is helpful to understand the
  dissimilar causes of jaundice by identifying the
  problems that disrupt the normal
  bilirubin metabolism and/or excretion.

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Pre-hepatic (before bile is made in the liver)

• Jaundice in these occurrences is caused by rapid
  enhance in the breakdown and destruction of the
  red blood cells (hemolysis), overwhelming the
  livers ability to fairly remove the enhanced
  levels of bilirubin from the blood.
• Examples of situations with an enhanced breakdown
  of red blood cells include
• malaria,
• sickle cell crisis,
• spherocytosis,
• thalassemia,
• glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
  (G6PD),
• drugs or other toxins, and
• Autoimmune disorders.

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Hepatic (the problem arises within the liver)

• Jaundice in these instances is caused by the
  livers inability to correctly metabolize and
  excrete bilirubin. Examples include
• hepatitis (commonly viral or alcohol-related),
• cirrhosis,
• drugs or other toxins,
• Crigler-Najjar syndrome,
• Gilberts syndrome, and
• Cancer.

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Post-hepatic (after bile has been made in the
liver)

• Jaundice in these instances, also termed
  obstructive jaundice, is caused by situations
  which interlude the normal drainage of conjugated
  bilirubin in the form of bile from the liver into
  the intestines.
• Causes of contrary jaundice include
• Gallstones in the bile ducts,
• Cancer (pancreatic and gallbladder/bile
  duct carcinoma),
• Strictures of the bile ducts,
• Cholangitis,
• Congenital malformations,
• Pancreatitis,
• Parasites,
• Pregnancy, and
• Newborn jaundice

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• Jaundice in newborn babies can be caused by hard
  different situations, although it is often a
  standard physiological result of the newborns
  immature liver. Even though it is generally
  harmless under these circumstances, newborns with
  extra elevated levels of bilirubin from other
  medical situations (pathologic jaundice) may face
  devastating brain harm (kernicterus) if the
  underlying issue is not addressed. Newborn
  jaundice is the most usual situation needing
  medical evaluation in newborns.
• The following are some main causes of newborn
  jaundice

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Physiological jaundice

• This form of jaundice is generally evident on the
  second or third day of life. It is the most main
  cause of newborn jaundice and is usually a
  transient and harmless condition. Jaundice is
  caused by the incapacity of the newborns unripe
  liver to operation bilirubin from the accelerated
  breakdown of red blood cells that happens at this
  age. As the newborns liver matures, jaundice
  finally disappears.

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Maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility (Rh,
ABO)

• This form of jaundice happens when there is an
  incompatibility between the blood types of the
  mother and the fetus. This guides enhanced
  bilirubin levels from the breakdown of the fetus
  red blood cells (hemolysis).

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Breast milk jaundice

• This form of jaundice happens in breastfed
  newborns and generally seems at the end of the
  first week of life. Definite chemicals
  in breast milk are thought to be answerable. It
  is generally a harmless situation that settles
  impulsively. Mothers typically do not have to
  stop breastfeeding.

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Breastfeeding jaundice

• This form of jaundice happens when the breastfed
  newborn does not receive adequate breast milk
  fusion. This may happen because of delayed or
  inadequate milk production by the mother or
  because of poor feeding by the newborn. This
  insufficient intake results in dehydration and
  fewer bowel movements for the newborn, with
  subsequently reduced bilirubin excretion from the
  body system.

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Cephalohematoma (a collection of blood under the
scalp)

• Sometimes during the birthing operation, the
  newborn may help a wound or wound to the head,
  out coming in a blood collection/blood clot under
  the scalp. As this blood is naturally broken
  down, immediately elevated levels of bilirubin
  may overwhelm the processing capability of the
  newborns immature liver, resulting in jaundice.

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What Are the Symptoms and Signs of Jaundice?

• Jaundice is a signal of an underlying disease
  process.
• Common signals and symptoms are seen in
  individuals with jaundice involve
• yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous
  membranes, and the whites of the eyes,
• Light-colored stools,
• Dark-colored urine, and
• Itching of the skin.

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The underlying disease operation may result in
additional signals and symptoms. These may
involve

• Nausea and Vomiting,
• Abdominal pain,
• Fever,
• Weakness,
• Loss of appetite,
• Headache,
• Confusion,
• Swelling of the legs and abdomen, and
• Newborn jaundice.

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In newborns, as the bilirubin level-ups, jaundice
will typically operate from the head to the
trunk, and then to the hands and feet. Additional
signals and symptoms that may be seen in the
newborn involve

• poor feeding,
• lethargy,
• changes in muscle tone,
• high-pitched crying, and
• Seizures.

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When to Seek Medical Care for Jaundice

• Call a health care practitioner if you or your
  baby grows jaundice. Jaundice may be a signal of
  a major underlying medical situation.
• If you are inadequate to reach and be seen by
  your health care practitioner in a timely manner,
  go to the emergency division for further
  evaluation.

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Questions to Ask the Doctor About Jaundice

1. What is the cause of my jaundice? How can I learn
   more about it?
2. Will I require any blood tests or imaging
   studies?
3. What is the likely course of this illness? What
   is the long-term outlook?
4. What are my treatment options? Will I require
   surgery or medications? Are there any medications
   I should avoid?
5. If my symptoms worsen while at home, what should
   I do? When do I need to call you? When do I need
   to go to the emergency department?

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Exams and Tests for Jaundice

• The health care practicing will need to take a
  detailed history of the patients illness, and he
  or she will also be inspected to see if there are
  any findings that specify the cause of the
  patients jaundice. However, additional testing
  is usually needed to clearly decide the
  underlying cause of jaundice. The following tests
  and imaging studies may be acquired

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Blood tests

• These may originally involve a complete blood
  count (CBC), liver function tests (including a
  bilirubin level), lipase/amylase level to
  notice inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
  , and an electrolytes panel. In women,
  a pregnancy test may be acquired. Extra blood
  tests may be needed depending upon the initial
  results and the history offered to the
  practitioner.

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Urinalysis

• Urinalysis is an examination of the urine and is
  a very functional test in the diagnosis of
  screening many diseases.

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Imaging Studies

• Ultrasound This is secure, painless imaging
  examine that uses sound waves to study the liver,
  gallbladder, and pancreas. It is very useful for
  detecting gallstones and dilated bile ducts. It
  can also inspect abnormalities of the liver and
  the pancreas.
• Computerized tomography (CT) scan ACT scan is
  imaging examine same to an X-ray that offers more
  details of all the abdominal organs. Though not
  as superior as ultrasound at detecting
  gallstones, it can identify different other
  abnormalities of the liver, pancreas, and other
  abdominal organs as well.
• Cholescintigraphy (HIDA scan) A HIDA scan is
  imaging examine that uses radioactive material to
  assess the gallbladder and the bile ducts.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MRI is an
  imaging exam that uses a magnetic field to
  examine the organs of the abdomen. It can be
  functional for complete imaging of the bile ducts.

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• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  (ERCP) ERCP is a procedure that includes the
  introduction of an endoscope (a tube with a
  camera at the end) pass the mouth and into the
  small intestine. A dye is then introduced into
  the bile ducts while X-rays are taken. It can be
  helpful for identifying stones, tumors, or
  narrowing of the bile ducts.
• In this system, a needle is inserted into the
  liver after a local anesthetic has been
  controlled. Often ultrasound will be used to lead
  placement of the needle. The small sample of
  liver tissue which is get is sent to a laboratory
  for examination by a pathologist (a physician who
  expert in the diagnosis of tissue samples). Among
  other things, a liver biopsy can be helpful for
  diagnosing inflammation of the liver, cirrhosis,
  and cancer.

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What Are Jaundice Treatments?

• Treatment based on the cause of the underlying
  situation leading to jaundice and any likely
  complications related to it. Once a diagnosis is
  made, treatment can then be managed to address
  that particular situation, and it may or may not
  need hospitalization.
• Treatment may be composed of expectant management
  (watchful waiting) at home with rest.
• Medical treatment with intravenous fluids,
  medications, antibiotics, or blood transfusions
  may be needed.
• If a drug/toxin is the cause, these must be
  stopped.
• In the specific instance of newborn jaundice,
  exposing the baby to special colored lights
  (phototherapy) or exchange blood transfusions may
  be needed to reduced elevated bilirubin levels.
• Surgical heal may be needed.

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Self-Care at Home for Jaundice

• The aim of home therapy involves symptom relief
  and controlled the medical situation causing
  underlying jaundice. The different quality that
  may be undertaken involve
• Maintain adequate hydration by drinking fluids,
  and rest as required.
• Take medications only as commanded and advised by
  a health care practitioner.
• Avoid medicines, herbs, or supplements which may
  cause detrimental side effects. Ask a health care
  practitioner for advice.
• Avoid drinking alcohol until the patient has
  discussed it with their healthcare pro.

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• Specific dietary restrictions may be recommended
  by a health care practitioner.
• In certain cases of newborn jaundice, the parents
  or caregivers can place the baby next to a
  well-lit window a few times a day to decrease
  elevated bilirubin levels. In more severe cases,
  a health care practitioner may need to discharge
  the baby home from the hospital with home
  phototherapy.
• Provide adequate milk intake for the baby in
  cases of breastfeeding jaundice.
• If symptoms worsen or if any new symptoms arise,
  consult a health care practitioner.

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What Are Other Medical Treatments?

• Treatment varies build on the medical situation
  responsible for causing jaundice, and the
  associated symptoms and complications. Treatments
  may involve the following
• Supportive care,
• IV fluids in cases of dehydration,
• Medications for nausea/vomiting and pain,
• Antibiotics,
• Antiviral medications,
• Blood transfusions,
• Steroids,
• Chemotherapy/radiation therapy, and
• Phototherapy (newborns).

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What Are Jaundice Medications

• Medications may or may not be essential.
• After diagnosing the source of the patients
  jaundice, the health care practitioner will
  straight the patients treatment and advise
  medications if they are essential.
• As outlined above, different medication options
  exist based on the underlying source of jaundice.

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Is Surgery Necessary?

• The surgical cure may be essential in specific
  cases of cancer, congenital malformations,
  situations that stop the bile ducts, gallstones,
  and abnormalities of the spleen.
• Sometimes, a liver transplant may be essentials.

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Patient Follow-up for Jaundice

• The patient should hardly follow the health care
  practitioners suggestions and cure regimen.
• Once the diagnosis has been invented, the health
  care practitioner will examine whether or not the
  patient needs an expert (for example, gastroentero
  logist, hematologist/oncologist, general surgeon,
  etc.) to address their proper underlying medical
  situation.
• Additional blood testing and imaging exams may be
  needed.
• Based on the cause of the patients jaundice, he
  or she may need only a short time follow-up with
  visits to the health care pro, or the patient may
  need lifelong close supervision by a physician.
  The patient should ask the potential
  complications of the situation with their health
  care practitioner, and always seek medical
  awareness if the symptoms recur or worsen.

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How to Prevent Jaundice

• The underlying medical situation causing jaundice
  can in some cases be stoped. Some obstructive
  measures involve the following
• Keep away heavy alcohol use (alcoholic hepatitis,
  cirrhosis, and pancreatitis).
• Vaccines for hepatitis
• Take away medications which stop malaria before
  traveling to high-risk regions.
• Take away high-risk behaviors such as intravenous
  drug use or unprotected intercourse (hepatitis
  B).
• Take away potentially contaminated food/water and
  manage good hygiene (hepatitis A).
• Take away medicine that can cause hemolysis in
  susceptible individuals (such as those with G6PD
  deficiency, a situation that guides to red blood
  cell breakdown after consumption of specific
  substances).
• Take away medications and toxins which can cause
  hemolysis or directly make harm the liver.

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What Is Jaundice Prognosis?

• The prognosis based on the underlying source.
• Some situations are easily controlled and carry
  an excellent prognosis, while others may become
  chronic and require lifelong physician
  supervision.
• Unfortunately, some situations causing jaundice
  may be fatal despite medical or surgical
  intervention.
• Discuss the prognosis with a health care
  practitioner once a diagnosis has been invented.

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