Internet of Things for Smart Healthcare

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Internet of Things for Smart HealthcareTechnologi
es, Challenges and Opportunities
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Introduction

• Rise in illness and demand for healthcare.
• Monitoring of Patients, rehabilitation and
  emergency healthcare.
• Survey of areas and technologies related to
  healthcare.
• Commercially available solutions, applications
  and remaining problems.
• Sensors for monitoring, short long-range
  communications and
• cloud technologies.
• LPWANs their suitability and use of NB-IoT.

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Internet of Things
Healthcare and IoT

• Network of devices connected via Machine-to-
• Machine (M2M) communication.
• Enables automation and collection of data.
• Present use of IoT and research on future use.
• Remote IoT systems and their use in healthcare.

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Internet of Things Healthcare
Healthcare and IoT

• Remote health monitoring to monitor non-critical
• patients at home and other benefits.
• Disadvantages such as security risk, need of
• calibration etc.
• Wearable sensors and plans for rehabilitation
  AAL.
• Blood Glucose and Heart activity monitoring.
• Wearable, environmental and vision-based sensors.

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IoT Healthcare Systems Future Model
Healthcare and IoT

• Use of Sensors specially wearable sensors
  (wireless externally-wearable).
• Their benefits over environmental vision-based
  sensors at home.
• Use of Short Long-Range communication.
• Low-powered nodes.
• Cloud storage and its benefits.
• Cloud storage Machine learning and their use.

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IoT Healthcare Systems Future Model
Healthcare and IoT

• Wearable Sensor and Central Nodes
• Wearable Sensor nodes.
• Recommended sensors.
• Special-purpose sensors.
• Data transfer from Sensor nodes to external
• location via central nodes.
• Dedicated central nodes.

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IoT Healthcare Systems Future Model
Healthcare and IoT

• Short-Range Communications
• Sensors to communicate with Central node.
• Requirements for choosing Short-Range
  communication standards.
• Low-latency for time-critical systems and
  security of data.
• Long-Range Communications
• Data from central node to relevant parties.
• Low latency and high-quality-error correction.

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IoT Healthcare Systems Future Model
Healthcare and IoT

• Secure Cloud Storage Architecture Machine
  Learning
• Medical information from patients to be stored
  securely for use.
• Access of healthcare professionals must be
  secure.
• Machine learning can improve healthcare systems.
• But, is useless without large databases of
  information.

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Potential Use Cases For The Proposed Model
Healthcare and IoT

• Several cases of diagnosing diseases.
• Knee injury rehabilitation.
• Blood pressure monitoring.
• Monitoring of Parkinsons disease.
• Regular monitoring of other several parameters.
• Use of wearable sensors, machine learning and
  cloud technology.

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Pulse Sensors
Wearable Healthcare Systems

• Pulse, vital sign read to detect a range of
• emergency conditions.
• Can be read from various body parts but wrist
• sensors more comfortable.
• Different sensors including pressure,
• photoplethysmographic, ultrasonic, radio
• frequency sensors.

Photoplethysmographic Sensor
Pressure Sensor
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Respiratory Rate Sensors
Wearable Healthcare Systems

• Different sensors including nasal,
  echocardiogram,
• fiber optic, pressure-type, stretch sensors
  and use
• of microphone to measure respiration.
• Main factor for WBAN is wearability.
• Stretch sensors recommended, machine learning
  algorithms
• in future.

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Body Temperature Sensors
Wearable Healthcare Systems

• Useful diagnostics tool to be included in
  wearable healthcare system.
• Use of Thermistor-type sensors.
• Use of NTC PTC temperature sensors.
• Factor affecting the accuracy.
• Sensors to be printed on human skin.

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Blood Pressure Sensors
Wearable Healthcare Systems

• Not a vital sign, give information cardiovascular
  diseases.
• Challenge to design wearable sensor to monitor
  continuously.
• Pulse Transit Time (PTT) and different techniques
  used.
• Relation of PTT with Systolic Blood Pressure
  (SBP) and factors affecting it.
• Calibration of devices.
• Results of different techniques.

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Pulse Oximetry Sensors
Wearable Healthcare Systems

• Not a vital sign, indicator for aid of
  respiratory function.
• Use of LED lights and different techniques used.
• Techniques to reduce power consumption.
• In-ear and wrist-worn reflective pulse oximeters.
• Need for future.
• Other wearable sensors.

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Short-Range Communication
Communication Standards

• Bluetooth Low Energy
• Star topology.
• Range is 150m.
• Low latency 3ms.
  
• Data rate 1Mbps.
• Uses 2.4GHz band

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Short-Range Communication
Communication Standards

• ZigBee
• Mesh network protocol.
• Carry small packets of data over medium distances
• Information is transferred from one node to web
  nodes
• Enters to gateway for transmission
• Applications are in diverse area.
• IEEE 802.15.4 covers physical layer.

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Long-Range Communication
Communication Standards

• Sigfox
• Un licensed band of operation.
• 868MHz (Eu),915MHz (US)
• Unlimited uplink, Downlink on request
• 50,000 nodes
• 9.5km range
• 100bps data rate
• Limit of 140 messages per day

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Long-Range Communication
Communication Standards

• LoRa and LoRaWAN
• Unlicensed band of operation
• 868MHz, 915MHz band of operation
• Uplink and downlink communication directions
• 40,000 nodes
• 7.2km range
• 0.25-5.5kbps
• Moderately suitable for health cares

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Long-Range Communication
Communication Standards

• NB-IoT
• Narrow Band IoT, Highly suitable for Healthcare.
• Licensed band of operation
• Can operate in LTE bands, guard bands, re-farmed
  GSM bands
• Uplink downlink communication directions
• 53,537 nodes
• 15km range
• Other long-range communication techniques.

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Cloud Computing
Cloud-Based IoT Healthcare System

• Cloud computing means a type of internet-based
  computing, where different services, including
  servers, storage and applications, are delivered
  to an organizations computers and devices
  through the internet.

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Cloud In Healthcare System
Cloud-Based IoT Healthcare System

• In healthcare system, cloud computing has changed
  the whole system by converging all the data, that
  was previously stored on hard disks or servers,
  to the internet, for better research and quickly
  assessing the situation by easy access to data
  around the world.

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Advantages Of Cloud In Healthcare System
Cloud-Based IoT Healthcare System

• Collaboration knowledge-sharing
• Improved medical research
• Remote reach in times of disaster and lack of
  resources
• Remote patient care
• Lower cost and easier storage

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