The Complete Guide to CAR-T Cells

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The Compelete Guide to
CAR-T Cells
https//www.creative-biolabs.com/car-t/
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BACKGROUND
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CAR T CELLS
PART ONE
It has a significant effect in the treatment of
acute leukemia and non Hodgkin's lymphoma, and is
considered to be one of the most promising ways
of cancer treatment. Like all technology, CAR-T
technology has experienced a long process of
evolution, and it is in this series of evolution
that CAR-T technology is becoming mature. After
treatment, the peripheral blood T cells of
patients themselves were separated, and then the
CD19-CAR molecules were expressed in high density
in T cells by retroviral vector. Such a T cell,
which expresses CD19-CAR, will identify the B
cells (normal and leukemia B cells) after being
entered in the body, and are activated to destroy
B cells by direct killing or their secreted
cytokines.
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CAR-T Treatment process
PART TWO
T cells identify tumor cells by expressing the
chimeric antigen receptor through genetic
engineering specifically. A typical CAR-T
treatment process is mainly divided into five
steps
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CAR-T Treatment process
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PART THREE
CAR Design Developemnt
T cells identify tumor cells by expressing the
chimeric antigen receptor through genetic
engineering specifically. A typical CAR-T
treatment process is mainly divided into five
steps
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CAR Design Developemnt

• The first generation of CAR mediated T cell
  activation is accomplished through a tyrosine
  motif on the CD3z chain or FceRIg. The CD3z chain
  can provide T cell activation, cleavage of target
  cells, regulation of IL-2 secretion and the
  signal needed to exert anti-tumor activity in
  vivo. However, the antitumor activity of the
  first generation of CAR transformed T cells was
  limited in vivo, and the proliferation of T cells
  decreased, which ultimately led to the apoptosis
  of T cells.
• The second generation of CAR added a new co
  stimulation signal in the cell. The experiment
  proved that this made the original "signal 1"
  which originated from the TCR/CD3 complex. Many
  studies have shown that the second generation CAR
  of "signal 2" has the same antigen specificity as
  the first generation CAR with the proliferation
  of T cells, the increase of cytokine secretion,
  and the resistance to the secretion of cytokines.
  
• The secretion of apoptotic protein increased and
  cell death delayed. The commonly used
  costimulatory molecules are CD28, but then there
  are studies to replace CD28 with CD137 (4-1BB).
  In addition, the idea of using NK cell receptor
  CD244 is also proposed. Compared with the first
  generation of CAR, this design can increase the
  memory effect on the lysis of tumor cells and the
  CAR mediated killing effect.

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THANK YOU
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