stuttering and stammering

1
Stuttering and Stammering Symptoms, diagnosis,
and Causes
2



What is Stuttering and Stammering?

• It is Speech Disorder in which the flow of speech
  is disrupted(break), Stuttering is also known as
  stammering. Stuttering and Stammering both are
  different words but describe the same thing.
  Speech is disrupted means involuntary repetitions
  and delay of sounds, syllables, words or phrases,
  silent pauses or blocks, who stutters they are
  unable to produce clear sounds. Who stutter they
  have abnormal hesitation or pausing before
  speech, Usually they face problem to speak vowels
  and semivowels words. Repetition is the primary
  problem. This connect the fears of sound to
  specific vowels and consonants, anxiety, Shame,
  stress, self-imposed isolation.

3

• Stuttering is not a physical problem to
  production of sounds or putting thoughts in
  words. Nervousness and stress do not causes of
  stuttering but we can say trigger stuttering in
  people who have the speech disorder. The disorder
  is also variable, means that in certain
  situation, like talking on the telephone or in a
  group and during a presentation to a large crowd.

4
This speech disorder affects less than 1 of all
adults, Mostly this problem occurs in children
when they learning to speak. For this problem
some kind of professional help available such as
speech therapy.
5
Symptoms/signs

• A person who stutters they repeats words or
  phrases,they have problems to starts some words
  (some may vowels and semivowels, consonants ,
  they may blink rapidly.
• The main symptom is they want to say some words
  when their mouths are correct position to say the
  words, but virtually no sound comes out.

6
Here some common signs and symptoms -

• Repeating a sounds, words and phrases.
• Hesitation
• Problems starting a words and sounds
• Rapid blinking
• Trembling lips
• Trembling jaw
• The face and upper body tightens

7
Characteristics Now I discussed some main
characteristics of Stuttering and Stammering-

• Primary behaviors
• Repeating sounds, words or phrases, silent
  blocks and delay of sound. These differ from the
  normal speakers, for produce the words and
  phrases they effort and strain. For example -
  on on on a chair, c c cold, mmmm.
• Variability
• Like public speaking and speaking on telephone,
  they are greatly feared who suffer stuttering
  problem.

8
Causes

• No single cause of stuttering and stammering,
  experts are not completely sure what is main
  cause but some genetic problem and it always
  arises from repetition of sounds or words,
  sometimes it include physical trauma. When the
  signals are not working between nerves and
  muscles are not working properly, and adults also
  affect after a brain injury. Here some causes of
  stuttering
• Stroke
• Head trauma
• Block of blood flow to the brain
• Tumors

9
Diagnosis

• Stuttering is diagnosis by the DSM-5 diagnostic
  codes through clinical psychologists with
  expertise.
• Psychological factors- It make stuttering worses
  for people who already stutter. In other words
  anxiety, nervousness, and stress do not causes of
  stuttering.

10

Treatment

• Several treatments are available for individuals
  to control their speech. First learning
  strategies minimize stuttering through speed
  deficiency, breathing regulation, and speech
  language pathologists teach people who stutter to
  control and monitor the rate at which they speak.

11
Some therapy for control the stuttering and
stammering -

• Fluency shaping therapy
• Modification therapy
• Electronic fluency therapy
• Medications
• Support