Hypoparathyroidism: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and more

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Hypoparathyroidism
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Hypoparathyroidism

• Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition in which
  the body releases unusually low levels
  of parathyroid hormone. They play a crucial role
  in regulating and maintaining a balance of your
  body's levels of calcium and phosphorus. Low
  production of hormones in hypoparathyroidism
  leads to peculiarly low ionized calcium levels in
  your blood and bones and a rise of serum
  phosphorus. 

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Factors causing hypoparathyroidism

• The low production of parathyroid hormones
  results in low calcium levels in your blood and
  bones and an increase of serum phosphorus. Causes
  of hypoparathyroidism include 
• Acquired hypoparathyroidism This most common
  cause of hypoparathyroidism develops after damage
  to the parathyroid glands either because or
  surgery or accident. For the diseases of the
  nearby thyroid gland, throat cancer or neck
  cancer, the surgery may be the only treatment.
• Autoimmune disease This is a condition where
  your immune system creates antibodies against the
  parathyroid tissues and attacks them as if they
  were foreign bodies. The result of this is that
  parathyroid glands stop manufacturing their
  hormone.

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Factors causing hypoparathyroidism
Contniue

• Hereditary hypoparathyroidism In this condition,
  either the parathyroid glands are absent at birth
  or they dont function properly. Certain kinds of
  hereditary hypoparathyroidism are linked with
  deficiencies of other hormone-producing glands.
• Radiation treatment In some cases, radiation can
  result in destruction of your parathyroid glands,
  so as the radioactive iodine treatment for hyperth
  yroidism.
• Low levels of magnesium in your blood Low levels
  of magnesium can interfere with the functionality
  of your parathyroid glands. Normal serum
  magnesium levels are mandatory for optimum
  secretion of parathyroid hormone.

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Symptoms

• Signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may
  include 
• Burning sensation in your fingertips, toes and
  lips
• Cramping of legs, feet, abdomen or face
• Spasms of your muscles, particularly around your
  mouth, but also in your hands, arms and throat
• Fatigue or weakness
• Painful menstruation
• Patchy hair loss, such as thinning of your
  eyebrows
• Dry, coarse skin
• Brittle nails
• Headaches
• Depression, mood swings
• Memory problems

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Treatment

• The objective of the treatment is to minimize
  symptoms and stabilize levels of calcium and
  phosphorus in your body. It may include 
• Oral calcium supplements can increase calcium
  levels in your blood. But a high dose can cause
  gastrointestinal side effects like constipation.
• High doses of vitamin D can help your body absorb
  calcium and eliminate phosphorus.
• A diet rich in calcium can help the cause. Eat a
  lot of dairy products, green leafy vegetables,
  broccoli, kale, and fortified orange juice and
  breakfast cereals.
• Remember to avoid carbonated soft drinks, which
  contain phosphorus in the form of phosphoric
  acid, and restricting eggs and meats.

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Treatment
Continue

• Your endocrinologist will regularly check your
  blood to keep an eye on the levels
  of calcium and phosphorus. At first, these tests
  will probably be weekly to monthly. Eventually,
  you'll need blood tests just twice a year.
• People suffering from hypoparathyroidism can
  control their symptoms if given appropriate
  treatment regularly. Early diagnosis and
  treatment can help prevent complications of
  hypoparathyroidism.

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