Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

• SARS is a respiratory illness that is caused by
  a corona virus called SARS-associated corona
  virus (SARS-CoV). Corona viruses are a common
  cause of upper respiratory illnesses - including
  the common cold - in humans and cause a number of
  diseases in animals. The first reported case of
  severe acute respiratory syndrome surfaced in
  China in November 2002. Since then, the virus has
  been reported in other parts of Asia (Vietnam,
  Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand), North
  America (the United States and Canada) and Europe.

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How a person gets affected by severe acute
respiratory syndrome?

• Doctors believe that the most common way people
  get severe acute respiratory syndrome is through
  direct contact with infectious material (for
  example, respiratory secretions) from an infected
  person. Potential ways in which SARS can be
  spread include touching the skin of other people
  or objects that are contaminated with infectious
  droplets from a cough or sneeze of a
  SARS-infected person. It is possible that severe
  acute respiratory syndrome can be spread more
  broadly through the air or by other ways that are
  not currently known.Information to date
  suggests that people infected with SARS are most
  likely to spread the illness to others when they
  have symptoms. It is not known for how long
  before or after symptoms begin that SARS might be
  able to be transmitted to others. In areas of
  the world with severe acute respiratory syndrome
  outbreaks, individuals at highest risk have been
  those who have had direct close contact with an
  infected person, such as those sharing a
  household with a SARS patient as well as
  healthcare workers who care for SARS patients.

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How long does it take for severe acute
respiratory syndrome to develop? 

• After exposure to SARS, it takes from between 2
  to 10 days for the illness to develop. As is true
  with the common cold, keep in mind that not
  everyone who comes in contact with the virus
  develops the illness.

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Symptoms

• To meet the diagnosis of severe acute
  respiratory syndrome, a person must have 
• A temperature greater than 100.4 degrees
• One or more symptoms of respiratory illness, such
  as cough, shortness of breath, difficulty
  breathing or hypoxia (less than the normal level
  of oxygen in the blood), or x-ray evidence of
  pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  These symptoms develop 2 to 7 days after initial
  symptoms, which include headache, body aches and
  a general feeling of discomfort
• Laboratory evidence of SARS (detection of severe
  acute respiratory syndrome -associated corona
  virus and/or antibodies to SARS-associated corona
  virus)

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Treatments

• At this point in time, there are no medications,
  vaccines, or antiviral therapies that precisely
  target SARS. People who are diagnosed with severe
  acute respiratory syndrome are being treated as
  if they had pneumonia, meaning they are
  prescribed antibiotics if doctors believe that is
  necessary. Fortunately, most people who contract
  SARS seem to fully recover.

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What should be done if one has all the symptoms
of severe acute respiratory syndrome?

• Try to cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze
  and wear a facemask if possible. Wash your hands
  frequently and thoroughly and especially after
  blowing your nose. Do not share any items that
  you touch with family members until they have
  been washed in soap and hot water. This includes
  silverware, towels and bedding. Keep surfaces,
  such as countertops, doorknobs and bathroom
  fixtures clean by using household disinfectants
  and disposable gloves. Limit interactions outside
  the home for 10 days after the respiratory
  symptoms and fever are gone. Do not go to work,
  school or other public areas. Visit your family
  physician for further instructions.

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