Electronic Voting Machine Project using 8051 (1)

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Introduction

• The project is designed for eight contestants.
  Voters can poll their vote to any one of the
  contestant. In this project, one port is
  dedicated for 8 push-button switches for eight
  contestants, and a master switch for polling
  officer. A simple yet powerful program is written
  in assembly language and is burnt onto the
  microcontroller to accept votes and to keep
  counting the total votes polled. A
  Polling-officer switch (master) is provided to
  avoid multiple polling by a single voter. Every
  voter  gets approval from the polling officer. If
  the polling officer issues approval with his
  control switch, then only the voter can poll his
  vote.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Block Diagram
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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Hardware Requirements

• 8051 series Microcontroller
• Push Buttons
• Transistors
• Transformer
• Voltage Regulator
• LED
• LCD
• Resistors
• Capacitor
• EEPROM
• Buzzer

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Software Requirements

• Keil C compiler
• Languages Embedded C or Assembly

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Software Requirements

• Keil C compiler
• Languages Embedded C or Assembly

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Microcontroller 8051

• Microcontroller 8051 is designed in 1980s by
  Intel.
• It is a computer on chip type.
• It is 40 pin dip type ic.
• It is designed for performing special type
  operation to do specific jobs.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Microcontroller 8051

• It has four sets of i/o pins which can be used
  both input and output operations.
• It contains four ports.
• Each port contains 8 pins.
• The pin configuration is shown below

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Pin diagram of 8051
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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pins 1-8it is said to be port 1 and it is used
  for input/output operations.
• Pin 9 is a reset pin.
• Pins 10-17 it is port 3 is also used for
  input/output operations but specially it has
  alternate operations
• Pin 10(RXD) - Serial asynchronous communication
  input or Serial synchronous communication output.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 11(TXD) Serial asynchronous communication
  output or Serial synchronous communication clock
  output.
• Pin 12(INT 0)Interrupt 0 input.
• Pin 13(INT 1)Interrupt 1 input.
• Pin 14(T0)Counter 0 clock input.
• Pin 15(T1)Counter 1 clock input.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 16(WR) Write to external (additional) RAM.
• Pin 17(RD)Read from external RAM.
• Pin 18 to 19(X1,X2)Internal oscillator.
• Pin 20(GND)Ground
• Pin 21-28(port 2) I/P or O/P port when no
  external memory is used. In case external memory
  is used, the higher address byte.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 29 (PSEN) Program Store Enable.
• If external ROM is used for storing program then
  a logic zero (0) appears on it every time the
  microcontroller reads a byte from memory
• Pin 30 (ALE) Address Latch Enable
• Pin 31 (EA) Enable Access.
• To use program from an ext. memory(Logic zero),
  to use program from both int. as well as ext.
  memory (logic 1).

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Pin diagram of 8051

• Pin 32-39 (port 0) -I/P or O/P when ALE is low
  and lower order address byte when ALE is high.
• Pin 40(Vcc) 5v power supply.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
LCD

• The Serial LCDs are very functional, liquid
  crystal displays that can be easily interfaced to
  and controlled by a microcontroller using an I/O
  pin.
• This device can be connected to a PC serial port
  using a MAX232 line driver. The circuit isn't
  supported by us.
• The LCD displays provide basic text wrapping so
  that your text looks correct on the display.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
LCD

• Full control over all of their advanced LCD
  features allows you to move the cursor anywhere
  on the display with a single instruction and turn
  the display on and off in any configuration.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
LCD

• Clear mode Press clear switch when all entries
  are required to be erased.
• Clear switch  should be pressed before voting
  procedure.
• Buzzer indication Pressing of key in voting mode
  is indicated by a buzzer sound.
• Controller switch This switch is provided for
  enabling the keypad in voting mode.
• This Switch is under the control of voting
  authority.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Voltage Regulator

• Two basic categories of voltage regulators are
• IC voltage regulator
• Fixed voltage regulator

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
IC Voltage Regulator

• These are generally three terminal devices that
  provide a positive or negative output.
• Some types have variable voltage outputs.
• A typical 7800 series voltage regulator is used
  for positive voltages.
• The 7900 series are negative voltage regulators.
• These voltage regulators when used with heatsinks
  can safely produce current values of 1A and
  greater.
• The capacitors act as line filtration.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Fixed Voltage Regulator

• The fixed voltage regulator has an unregulated dc
  input voltage Vi applied to one input terminal, a
  regulated output dc voltage Vo from a second
  terminal, and the third terminal connected to
  ground.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Principle of Operation
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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Working Principle

• The complete EVM consists mainly of two units
• Control Unit
• Balloting Unit
• With cable for connecting it with Control unit.
• A Balloting Unit caters up to 16 candidates.
• Four Balloting Units linked together catering in
  all to 64 candidates can be used with one control
  unit.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Working Principle

• The control unit is kept with the Presiding
  Officer and the Balloting Unit is used by the
  voter for polling.
• The Balloting Unit of EVM is a small Box-like
  device, on top of which each candidate and
  his/her election symbol is listed like a big
  ballot paper.
• Against each candidate's name, a red LED and a
  blue button is provided.
• The voter polls his vote by pressing the blue
  button against the name of his desired candidate.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Working Principle

• A simple yet powerful program is written in
  assembly language and is burnt onto the
  microcontroller to accept votes and to keep
  counting the total votes polled.
• A Polling-officer switch (master) is provided to
  avoid multiple polling by a single voter.
• Every voter  gets approval from the polling
  officer.
• If the polling officer issues approval with his
  control switch, then only the voter can poll his
  vote.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Working Principle

• This issuance of approval is indicated by a long
  buzzer beep.
• Vote count is stored in EEPROM and an LCD display
  is provided to display the total number of votes
  polled and individual contestant-vise votes
  polled.
• An Erase button is also provided in order to make
  sure the contents of the EEPROM is zeroed before
  the start of the polling process.
• A buzzer is provided for audio effect of the
  switch bounce.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Working Principle

• Whenever a switch is bounced, the system
  acknowledges the bounce by a short beep sound.
• If a voter tries to poll multiple times a long
  beep sound is generated.
• The project can be extended by adding a GSM/WIFI
  module which eases the operation of voting by
  sending a simple SMS over the network or access
  through a Webpage over the internet network.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Applications

• Fast track voting which could be used in small
  scale elections, like resident welfare
  association, panchayat level election and other
  society level elections.
• It could also be used to conduct opinion polls
  during annual share holders meeting.
• It could also be used to conduct general assembly
  elections in school and colleges to introduce
  idea about democracy.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Advantages

• It is economical.
• Less manpower required.
• Time conscious, as less time required for voting
  counting.
• Avoids invalid voting.
• Saves transportation cost due to its compact
  size.
• Convenient on the part of voter.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Disadvantages

• Security issues and unequal internet access.
• We have to use external chip to store the votes.
• We have provide continuous power supply.

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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
Conclusion
EVM-Electronic Voting Machine Project is
designed and Implemented. The project can be
extended by adding a GSM/WIFI module which eases
the operation of voting by sending a simple SMS
over the network or access through a Webpage over
the internet network.
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EVM-Electronic Voting Machine
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