self-em

1
Organizational Behavior Self-empowerment
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2
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3
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4
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5
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• ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???
  Bowen and Lawler, (1992 1995) " ??????? ????? ??
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• Bowen, D.E. and Lawler, E. (1995)? Empowering
  Service Employees, Sloan Management Review?
  summer, 73-83, Bowen, D.E. and Lawler, E.E.
  (1992), the Empowerment of Service Workers What,
  Why, How, and When, Sloan Management Review,
  Spring, 31-40.

6
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7
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8
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9
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• ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????
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  Kanter (1989) ? Thomas and Velthouse (1990) .
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  ?????? ??????? (Conger and Kanungo? 1988) ???
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• ?????? ????? ???????? (Thomas and Velthouse,
  1999)??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????
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• 1.?????? (Meaning) ????? ??????? ??? ???????
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  ?? ?????? .
• 2.??????? (Competence) ?????? ????????? ????????
  ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??
  ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ???? ?????? ????? (Gist? 1987? Spreitzer? 1995) .
• 3.??????????? ????? ?????? (Self-Determination)
  ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???
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  ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? (Deci? et
  al? 1989) .
• 4.??????? (Impact) ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????
  ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????
  (Ashforth? 1989) .

10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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• 1- Bowen, D.E. and Lawler, E.E. (1992), the
  Empowerment of Service Workers What, Why, How,
  and When, Sloan Management Review, Spring, 31-40-
• 2- Programme website, October 1999, p. 1, 3-6.
  Quote "In fact, a quick review of the literature
  shows that there is no common definition or
  understanding of decentralization, although much
  work has gone into exploring its differing
  applications.
• 3-Adams, Robert. Empowerment, participation and
  social work. New York Palgrave Macmillan, 2008,
  p.6
• -Empowerment Takes More Than a Minute" by Ken
  Blanchard, John P. Carlos, and Alan Randolph
• 4-Decentralization A Sampling of Definitions,
  Joint UNDP (United Nations Development
  Programme)-Government of Germany evaluation of
  the UNDP role in decentralization and local
  governance, at the United Nations Development
• 5-Kanter, R. M. (1989), When Giants Learn to
  Dance Mastering the Challenge of Strategy,
  Management, and Careers in the 1990s, New York,
  NY Simon and Schuster., Thomas, K. W., and
  Velthouse, B.A. (1990), Cognitive Elements of
  Empowerment An Interpretive Model of Intrinsic
  Task Motivation, Academy of Management Review, 15
  (4) 666.
• 6-Conger and Kanungo (1988), Op cit .

18
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