Fifth part of

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Fifth part of

• In-class activity 3

2
Voice and voice alternations

• Determine how you passivize a clause in your
  language

• We need to determine three things

• How will the passive voice be marked

• How word order will be affected

• What will happen to the the arguments that were
  the subject and object in the active voice.

3
Voice and voice alternations

• First, determine what change will indicate a
  change in diathesis

Add a special word
Add a special affix on the verb
My language
4
Voice and voice alternations

• Second, determine the phonological form of your
  passivization strategy

/n/
/e/
/X/
/Xen/ this is a passive clause
5
Voice and voice alternations

• Third, for each clause type determine how word
  order in your language will change as a reaction
  to passivization

Word order stays the same
Some possibilities
Word order changes (if so, state how)
6
Voice and voice alternations

• My language has the following word orders

• Passivization in my language will make the word
  order change as so

7
Voice and voice alternations

• Fourth, determine what will happen to the subject
  of the active voice when in the passive voice

Subject becomes an oblique object
Some possibilities
Subject becomes a direct object
My language
8
Voice and voice alternations

• Now adapt the strategy you have chosen to your
  language

Adapting the strategy I chose to my language
9
Voice and voice alternations

• Now apply your strategy to one of the
  mono-transitive sentence you have previously
  created

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Voice and voice alternations

• Lets adapt the passivization strategy to our
  di-transitive clause

Adapting the strategy I chose to my language
11
Voice and voice alternations

• Now apply your strategy to one of the
  di-transitive sentence you have previously
  created

12
Voice and voice alternations

• Last but not least, write your languages
  passivization diathesis

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There you have it!!!

• You have engineered your OWN LANGUAGE!!!

You now KNOW what kind of system a language is!!!