F N A C

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F N A C
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• alongside the anatomical knowledge pathology
  developed.
• Pathology involved study of abnormalities in the
  organs,systems grossly.the microscope
  supplemented the information.

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• that is how cytology developed.
• The basis of cytology is exfoliation.
• Exfoliated cells can be studied if the organ is
  accessible to external surface. ex vaginal
  cytology.
• Organ like liver which is solid and internal can
  be accessed through needle.

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Fluid cytology

• Body cavities have a great surface area.
• If there is a primary or secondary tumour the
  cells shed are collected in the fluid which is
  produced be a the lining cells as a reactive
  feature.
• Peritoneal pleural,pericardial cytology.CSF,urine,
  hydrocele,ovarian cyst fluid etc.
• They have a different morphology because they
  are in a cozy environment.

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Microscopy.

• It involved diagnosing by micro-anatomical
  studies.(glands,suamous pearls etc)
• A correlation of clinical gross and microscopy
  resulted in the final diagnosis.
• However some pathologists encouraged by bone
  marrow aspiration explored the aspiration and
  cytological studies of tumours.

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Accuracy.

• thyroid 0.7error is reported in benign lesions.
  they too had malignancy which did not prove
  fatal.
• 1-3 false positives were reportedmainly in
  adenomas.

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Advantages.

• Safe
• Easy
• Fast
• Painless
• Repeatable
• No anaesthesia
• Cheap.
• Liase with reporting centersmake it a screening
  tool