Oral Medication Problems

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Oral Medication Problems

• Saliva starts to break down starches (complex
  carbs)
• Wets food for travel
• Teeth mechanically break food apart

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Oral Medication Problems

• Passes through esophagus
• No digestion here

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Oral Medication Problems

• Enters stomach
• Acids allow enzymes to work (pH of 1 or 2)
• Mostly proteins are chemically digested
• Only small molecules can be absorbed in the
  stomach
• H2O, alcohol, glucose, etc.

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Oral Medication Problems

• Small intestines is the site of carb fat
  chemical digestion (enzymes basic)
• Most molecules are absorbed here (thats why its
  really long)

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Oral Medication Problems

• Large intestine houses most of your bacteria
• Bacteria digest some things we cant and give us
  B vitamins.
• (Lactose example)
• Major site of water reabsorption
• (why you can dehydrate from diarrhea)

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Oral Medication Problems

• So how does the medication get into your blood to
  get to the target organ?

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How does a Spectrophotometer work?

• Wave nature of light
• Wavelength Distance between peaks or troughs of
  a wave
• Frequency of waves passing a point in space
  per second
• Visible light Receptors in human eye can detect
  l 400-750 nm
• Light appears "white" if it includes all the
  wavelengths of visible region.
• White light dispersed by a prism or grating
  produces the color spectrum.

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How does a Spectrophotometer work?

• Interaction of light with atoms and molecules
• Substance will appear a particular color because
  it absorbs visible light of every wavelength
  except that color.

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How does a Spectrophotometer work?

• Absorption of light
• When white light is directed at a colored
  solution some wavelengths are absorbed. The
  transmitted light is now colored because it is
  missing some wavelengths of white light.
• Ex. A substance which absorbs blue and green
  light appears yellow-red.

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How does a Spectrophotometer work?

• Spectrophotometer
• Light bulb to produce white light
• Diffraction grating to "break up" white light
• Slit to allow only narrow wavelength bands to
  enter
• Sample chamber holds the cuvette
• Meter has scale calibrated in transmittance (top)
  and absorbance (bottom)