TEAM 3, Hananiah

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TEAM 3, Hananiah
Brian
Gregory
Seth
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Social-Political SituationofJeremiah

• What exactly was happening in Jeremiahs world
  anyway
• ??????????????????

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Jeremiah, Get the Facts!!!

• Prophet from c. 626-580, main messenger to Judah
• This was a period of repeated moral crisis and
  political upheaval in Judah. 
• This was the time of the fall of the Assyrian
  empire and the rise of Babylonian power (opposed
  by Egypt). 
• Judah was the small, weak, often dependent
  hill-state between them.
• His call may have coincided with threats of a
  Scythian invasion from the North or an impending
  Babylonian advance.

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JeremiahTwo Big Things

• Soon after this invasion two things happen
• 1. The discovery of the Law-Book in the Temple
  which led to Josiahs reforms.
•   Go Josiah!!!
• 2. Assyria was defeated by an alliance of
  Babylonians, Medes, and wandering tribes
  people.  Ashur and Calah fell in 614 BC and
  Ninevah two years later. 

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Jeremiah

• Question
• Could there be trouble on the way for Judah???

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JeremiahThose Darn Babylonians

• Assyrians retreated to Egypt where they initially
  were supported by Necho II of Egypt. 
• Because of this Judah lost much of her
  independence and came under strong Egyptian
  influence. 
• In 605 Jeremiah prophesied against the false
  hopes of peace and prosperity and trust in the
  temple per se to save them. 
• The Same year the Babylonians swept Egyptians
  back to within their borders and in the following
  year they campaigned in Syria (this is where
  Daniel and other Judeans were taken to Babylon).

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Jeremiah

• In 604 He anticipated the onset of the
  Babylonians and the sack of Ashkelon.  A fast was
  proclaimed. 
• However trouble lurked
• In 601 Jehoiakim, vassal of Nebuchadrezzar II of
  Bablyon, changed alliance to the Egyptians when
  they defeated the Babylonian army. 
• This led to Babylon dispatching troops from
  Syria, Ammon, and Moab to raid Judah. 

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Jeremiah,598 BCWhat a Happening Year!!!

• By 598 the Babylonians are ready to punish
  Jehoiakim.  Their troops marched into
  Syro-Palestine, besieged Judah, and captured
  him. 
• They name another king, Judah pays a heavy
  tribute, and Jehoiakim is sent to Babylon. 

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JeremiahNew King in Town

• Who is the new King?
• Mattaniah-Zedekiah, the youngest son of King
  Josiah and uncle of Jehoiachin.
• Guess What???
• Jeremiah predicted these two events.
• However

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JeremiahFalse Prophet Blues

• False prophets predicted this would only last two
  years, so popular opinion of Jeremiah decreased
  quickly.
• These false prophets supported pro-Egyptian
  activity.
• What did ole Jerry have to say about them?
• He was against being disloyal to agreements they
  freely entered into with Babylon.
• However
• In 595-4 rebellion raised hopes of renewed
  freedom.
• Jerrys not lookin too good

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JeremiahHere Comes Trouble in Paradise

• 589 Hophra became King of Egypt and intervened in
  Palestinian affairs like his father had.
• Is this a good thing???
• Zedekiahs negotiations with him were interpreted
  by the Babylonians as rebellion.
• Apparently Not!!!
• The result was that in 588 they moved first
  against Syria then moved into Judah.
• There was news of Egyptian intervention in 587 so
  the Babylonians moved from Jerusalem to meet and
  route them.
• The Jerusalemites felt that the danger had passed
  so they released there slaves. Then contrary to
  Jeremiahs advice reenslaved them continuing to
  resist the Babylonians.

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JeremiahRun Jerry Run!!!

• Jeremiah tries to leave the city, is arrested and
  imprisoned as a deserter, and held until the fall
  of the city in 587.
• Also Zedekiah was taken away and blinded.
• Ouch!!!

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JeremiahFreeeeedom???

• Jeremiahs release is ordered by the Babylonian
  commander.
• He joined the newly appointed governor of Judah
  but when this governor was assassinated Jeremiah
  was forcibly carried off to Egypt in 581 with
  Baruch.
• Maybe not?!?!!

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JeremiahThe Rest of the Story

• What became of ole Jerry?
• Traditionally it is said he was stoned to death
  at Tahpanhes a year later by Jews who rejected
  his further condemnation of idolatry.
• This job could be yours one day!!!

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The Person of Rachel

• Who was she?
• And why did she weep
• Jeremiah 3115

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Rachel in the BibleBeyond Jeremiah 3115
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What does Rachel Mean

• Meaning Ewe
• or
• Female Sheep Goat
• Symbolizes Innocence

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Who was Rachel

• Was the second daughter to Laban
• Laban was Rebekahs brother
• Rebekah was the wife of Issac
• Issac was the Father of Jacob
• Rachel Married Jacob
• Therefore
• Rachel married her cousin!

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Jacob, Rachels Husband

• Jacob was the Son of Issac and Rebekah
• Jacob was later renamed Israel
• Was later married to Rachel
• Always loved Rachel the most.

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Rachel

• Described as Shapely and beautiful
• Lived in Haran prior to Jacob
• Laban gave Leah, his oldest daughter to Jacob
  first then later Rachel.

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Rachels Weeping

• Rachel was unable to conceive children
• She was Barren
• Leah conceived 4 children very quickly
• Rachel was very jealous of Leah

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Rachel Cry to Yahweh

• Gen 301 Rachel said to Jacob "Give me
  children or I shall die!" NAB
• Gen 302 In anger Jacob retorted, "Can I take
  the place of God, who has denied you the
  fruit of the womb?" NAB
• Rachel gave Jacob her maid, Bilhah

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Rachels Weeping

• Bilhah was Jacobs concubine.
• Gave birth to two sons, Dan and Naphtali
• Rachel saw them as her own children
• Leah had total of 7 children

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Yahweh Responds to Rachels Weeping!

• Yahweh blesses Rachel with two children
• The first child was Joseph
• Her second child was named Ben-oni

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Rachels Child Joseph

• Name means add another son for me
• This was Jacobs favorite Son
• Would later save be sold into slavery by brothers
• Eventually save his family

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Rachels Child Ben-oni

• Name means son of my suffering
• Rachel died giving birth to this son
• This was the youngest son of Jacob

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Ben-oni after the death of Rachel

• Jacob Renamed Ben-oni after Rachels death
• Ben-oni become Benjamin
• Benjamin means Son of the right hand or Son of
  the South

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Jacobs Children and their mothers

• ZilpahGadAsher

• RachelJosephBenjamin

• BilhahDanNaphtali

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SoWhat did Rachel Weep

• She wept because she was Barren
• She could not provide her husband with any
  children or heirs
• In Jeremiah 3115 Rachel is weeping the lose of
  her Grandchildrenthose of Israel

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What about Jacob?

• Like Rachel, Jacob also wept over the lose of his
  favorite son Joseph.
• It seems impossible that Jacob will ever see his
  son Joseph again, since he believe Joseph is
  dead.
• He later is reunited with his son and is filled
  with great joy.

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Is there any hope?

• Rachel did finally bare two children
• Jacob did finally see his son Joseph again
• Jeremiah is saying that Israel will return to the
  promise land
• An even bigger hope

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The true hopeNew Testament Connection

• Like Rachel, Mary would lose her Child
• Like Jacob, Marys child would save
• The true hope would be realized in Marys child,
  Jesus.

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Connections

• Like Rachels child Joseph who saved his
  brothers and fatherMarys child will save the
  world.
• Christs Childthe Churchis given hope and
  salvation.

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Jeremiah 30-31 Book of Consolation

• Set apart from rest of Jeremiah because they
  contain mainly prophesies/oracles/proclamations
  of salvation
• Remnant motif
• Road/Path motif
• Messianic Prophecy

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Prophecy of Salvation

• Counterpart of the prophecy of judgment
• Example
• Indication of the situation Thus says the LORD
  In Ramah is heard the sound of moaning, of Bitter
  weeping! Rachel mourns her children, she refuses
  to be consoled because her children are no more
  (Jeremiah 3115).
• Prediction of Salvation Thus says the LORD
  Cease your cries of mourning, wipe the tears from
  your eyes. The sorrow you have shown shall have
  its reward, says the LORD, they shall return from
  the enemys land (Jeremiah 3116).
• Concluding Characterization There is hope for
  your future, says the LORD your sons shall
  return to their own borders (3117)

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Remnant Motif

• What will God do with the survivors? Thus says
  the LORD The people that escaped the sword have
  found favor in the desertAgain I will restore
  you, and you shall be rebuilt, O virgin Israel
  (Jeremiah 312a, 4a).
• The Ones who survive are the suffering, the poor,
  and the afflicted The Lord has delivered his
  people, the remnant of IsraelI will gather them
  from the ends of the world, with the blind and
  the lame in their midst, The mothers and those
  with child (Jeremiah 317b, 8).
• Yahweh blesses them and brings them back to
  Israel He who scattered Israel, now gathers
  them togethermy people shall be filled with my
  blessings, says the LORD (Jeremiah 3110, 14)

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Road/Path Motif

• Set up road markers, put up guideposts Turn you
  attention to the highway, the road by which you
  went. Turn back, O virgin Israel, turn back to
  these your cities (Jeremiah 3121).
• Rachel is Buried on the road to Ephrath
• A fifth-century midrashic text suggests, Jacob
  foresaw that the exiles would pass by there as
  they were being carried off by Nebuchadnezzar.
  Therefore he buried her there that she might
  implore God for mercy on their behalf (Susan
  Brown-Gutoff).
• In the time of the exile, this route led away
  from the promised land and away from the covenant
  relationship

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Road/Path Motif

• Jeremiah 3115 In Ramah is heard the sound of
  moaning, of bitter weeping! Rachel morns her
  children
• Portrays Rachel weeping for Her spiritual
  children (since she was the ancestress of
  Ephraim, the chief of the northern tribes) as
  they are taken into exile at the time of the
  Assyrian invasion of the Northern Kingdom (722-21
  B.C.).
• They shall return from the enemys landyour
  sons shall return to their own borders (Jeremiah
  3116bb, 17b).
• Portrays Rachel being consoled as her spiritual
  children return to the land (your cities) and
  to the relationship with Yahweh

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Messianic Prophecy

• Reveals the expectation of a coming redeemer
• Behold the days are coming, says Yahweh, when I
  will make a new covenant with the house of
  IsraelMy law I will put within them, I will
  write it upon their heartAnd I will forgive
  their guilt, and their sins I will remember no
  longer (Jeremiah 3131a, 33b, 34b).

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Messianic Prophecy

• The new covenant complements the covenant Yahweh
  made with Israel at Sinai
• The Sinai covenant was written on stone tablets,
  while the new covenant is written directly on the
  hearts of men
• Israel often violated the Sinai Covenant, but the
  covenant of the Messianic times is a permanent one

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Signs of the Times

• Prophecy in the biblical sense does not mean to
  predict the future but to explain the will of God
  for the present, and therefore show the right
  path to take for the future (emphasis added),
  Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, Theological Commentary
  on The Message of Fatima (2000).
• Jesus scolds the crowds of the chosen people for
  not recognizing him as the fulfillment of the
  Prophets
• You hypocrites! You know how to interpret the
  appearance of earth and sky why then do you not
  know how to interpret the present time? (Lk
  1256).

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Typology

• New Testament typology
• Study of any person, place, event, institution,
  or thing that prefigures the saving work of
  Christ
• Spiritual symbolism of the future
• Future fulfillments hearken back to past
  experiences

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Evangelists and Fathers

• This is one of the main ways in which the writers
  of the New Testament and the early Church fathers
  interpreted the Old Testament
• Justin Martyr
• Jacob had two wives in order to prefigure the
  work of the Savior
• The first wife, Leah, is a type of the Jews
  because she had weak eyes
• The Jews did not recognize the Lord
• The second wife, Rachel, is a type of the Church,
  for she took along and put away Labans Gods
• So too the Church composed of Gentiles, puts away
  idolatry
• The Savior has two names, Jesus and Christ, in
  order to correspond with the two names of the
  last patriarch, Jacob and Israel.

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Holy Innocents

• Why does Matthew 218 directly quote Jeremiah
  3115?
• When Herod realized that he had been deceived by
  the Magi, he became furious. He ordered the
  massacre of all the boys in Bethlehem and its
  vicinity two years old and under, in accordance
  with the time he had ascertained form the magi.
  Then was fulfilled what had been said through
  Jeremiah the prophet A voice was heard in
  Ramah, sobbing and loud lamentation Rachel
  weeping for her children, and she would not be
  consoled, since they were no more.

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Holy Innocents

• Why else is Rachel weeping?
• Rachel is weeping is weeping because the children
  that are being killed are her spiritual and
  possibly physical descendents
• Matthew saw Rachel as a type of those mothers who
  grieved over the infants slain by Herods
  henchmen

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Wailing Wall

• A powerful modern symbol of Rachels weeping
• The Wailing Wall

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Remnant

• God still blesses the suffering, the poor, and
  the afflicted and welcomes them
• The Church caries this out today when members
  faithfully carry out a preferential option for
  the poor

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Rachel Still Mourns

• The Children of Auschwitz, the Mothers of
  Ravensbreuck (Fackenheim, Cross Currents,
  1990)
• women carrying children were always sent with
  them to the crematorium. The children were then
  torn from their parents outside the
  crematoriumand sent to the gas chambers
  separately. When the extermination of the Jews
  in the gas chambers was at its height, orders
  were issued that the children were to be thrown
  straight into the crematorium furnaces, or into
  the pit near the crematorium, without being
  gassed firstthey threw them in alive. Their
  screams could be heard at the camp. It is
  difficult to say how many children were destroyed
  in this way.
• In 1942, the medical services of the Revier were
  required to perform abortions on all pregnant
  women. If a child happened to be born alive, it
  would be smothered or drowned in a bucket, in the
  presence of the mother. Given a new-born childs
  natural resistance to drowning, a babys agony
  might last for twenty or thirty minutes.

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Does Rachel Weep Forever?

• Rachel finally conceives
• The lost children of Israel do return from the
  enemys land
• The children in Bethlehem killed by Herod were
  not killed for naught
• God hears Rachels weeping on behalf of her
  children, the persecuted Church.

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Joseph Theology

• Rachels daughter, Joseph, is sold into slavery
  by his brothers.
• The situation seems hopeless Jacob assumes that
  his son is dead
• They are later reunited
• In the same way there is hope for the children
  for whom Rachel laments

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Hope

• God has heard our cries of mourning
• Jesus Heals and Forgives

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Rachel, to RebekahJanet Ruth Heller

• In my travail, you hold me,
• Your round arms freckled like fawns,
• Your body as large as your heart.
• Under the oak tree,
• You tell me stories about Jacob
• The time he stole the birthright,
• And the time you helped him
• Win his fathers blessing.
• I want my son
• To be like Jacob.

• We entered this family of chosen ones
• Because we were not afraid
• To speak to strangers
• By the well of Haran.
• But now both of us are quiet.
• Your steady eyes are the color of honey.
• I watch their tender gleam.
• When I rest my dark head on your shoulder,
• I think I can bear the pain.