History 323 The Middle Ages

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History 323The Middle Ages

• The First Crusade

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The First Crusade Routes of the Crusaders to
Jerusalem
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Peter the Hermit leading knights during the First
Crusade In addition to the one mounted warrior,
notice the poorer crusaders, including several
women on the bottom
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Territory controlled by the Seljuk Turks during
the First Crusade (1095-1099)
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Crusader settlements along the Eastern
Mediterranean Antioch, Edessa, Tripoli, Tyre,
Caesarea, Jerusalem, and other major crusader
sites
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The First Crusade The Crusaders attack Antioch,
1098 A.D. Chronicles record that violence was
terrible after the victorious crusaders entered
the city
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Crusader Castle, Tripoli Crusaders established
small fortified castles and other bases of
operation on the way to the Holy Land, often
running them as feudal kingdoms
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Byzantine Art at the Time of the Crusades
Byzantine (Greek) artist Christ Medallion 1100
A.D. Constantinople, Greece Byzantine icon art
in the Middle Ages depicted portraits with gold
or blue backgrounds. This medallion was made a
year after the crusaders conquered Jerusalem in
1099 A.D.
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Byzantine (Greek) artist Crucifixion 11th
century Daphni, Greece Byzantine art in the
Middle Ages divided anatomy into clearly
demarcated sections and featured shimmering gold
backgrounds and Christian themes Byzantine styles
came to Western Europe after the 1204 Sack of
Constantinople by Western crusaders
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School of Pisa Cross No. 15 Late 12th
Century Pinacoteca, Pisa Christus triumphans
(Christ triumphant style) Byzantine (Greek)
influence obvious in this medieval Italian art
from Pisa (a center of maritime trade)
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School of Pisa Cross No. 20 1230 Pinacoteca, Pisa
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School of Florence Cross Late 12th century Uffizi
Gallery, Florence Christus triumphans style The
soaring Christ with six crucifixion detail
paintings
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Bonaventura Berlinghieri, Madonna and
Child 1228 Byzantine influence
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Bonaventura Berlinghieri, St. Francis 1235 Pescia
Pictorial representation of life of St. Francis
only nine years after his death Byzantine
influence in architecture shown in scenes, gold
background, and Francis saintly pose. Romanesque
interest in emotion.
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Cimabue, Enthroned Madonna and Child 1280 Uffizi
Gallery, Florence Combination of Byzantine and
Romanesque (medieval) style of Western
Europe. Mary is shown in an out of time
heavenly scene, and points to Jesus.