Littelfuse University presents

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March 31 and April 1, 2008
Littelfuse University presents Webcast 27
Introduction to Ground Fault Protection
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POWR-GARD Business Strategy

• Products and Services that promote the safe
  control of electricity in the workplace
• Grow our business with organic and growth and
  acquisition
• Acquisition of K-Tec branded ground fault relays
  and ground fault protection products

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Introducing POWR-GARD Ground Fault Protection

• K-Tec branded ground fault protection products
  reduce the incidents of arc-flash
• Improve the safety of electrical workers
• Reduce the incidents of downtime improving
  productivity

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POWR-GARD Strategy
POWR-GARD Strategy Refinements Are Necessary

• What this means
• Shift from circuit protection to life-safety
  protection.
• Life safety protection includes circuit
  protection but also focuses on hazard
  identification and risk mitigation.

Today
Future
Equipment Protection Circuit protection

• Life Safety Protection
• Circuit Protection
• Shock / Grounding protection
• Safety Consulting

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POWR-GARD Strategy
POWR-GARD Strategy Refinements Are Necessary

• Why focus on people protection vs. only equipment
  protection?
• Increase PGs value to industrial customers by
  addressing their changing needs.
• Increase POWR-GARDs TAM by expanding into
  adjacent products and services.
• Allow for expansion into commercial,
  institutional and utility markets.
• Leverage PGs knowledge of electrical systems to
  capitalize on industry challenges and trends.

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Opportunity for your business

• High Average Selling Price Products
• Product complement to our current offering
• Profitable commission rate on new opportunities

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Webcast Learning Objectives

• What is a Ground Fault?
• Why is Ground Fault Protection important?
• What is difference between GFCIs and GFRs?
• What basic standards cover GFPs and why do people
  use them?
• Typical applications for GFP devices and ELMs?
• What is important about selecting GFPs?
• How to select GFP devices and CTs
• Competition
• Available Training Materials and Sales Collateral
• Pricing and Product Availability

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Equipment Ground Faults
Source FM Global
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What is a Ground Fault?

• A ground fault is when electricity
  unintentionally travels to ground instead of its
  normal path back to its source.

Operator Using Power Drill
Normal Circuit
Courtesy of OHSA Training Institute
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What is a Ground Fault?

• A ground fault is when electricity
  unintentionally travels to ground instead of its
  normal path back to its source.

Operator is Shocked or Electrocuted
Ground Fault
Courtesy of OHSA Training Institute
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Ground Faults

• Occurrence of an unintentional conductive leakage
  current path to ground from hot or neutral
• 90 occur slowly due to insulation breakdown
• 10 occur quickly due to hard mechanical damage,
  flooding or electrical shock

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Did you know.?

• Over 80 of short circuits are initially started
  as ground faults also known as earth leakage or
  residual currents.
• Most Arc-Flash accidents begin as phase-to-ground
  faults and quickly escalate into phase-to-phase
  Arc-Flashes.
• According to one insurance company, between 1989
  and 1998, there were 1497 fires and explosions in
  industrial and commercial buildings caused by
  electrical grounding failures, averaging a loss
  of 575,000 per event.
• As just stated, 90 of all ground faults occur
  slowly due to insulation breakdown.

Source FM Global
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Insulation Breakdown

• Insulation Breakdown Energy dissipation at the
  point of fault
• Hot Spot
• Smoldering
• Smoke
• Fire
• Explosion
• Arc Flash
• Conventional monitoring and detection comes too
  late to help. By the time you find high-level
  leakage current, you may already have a problem.

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Causes of Insulation Breakdown

• Vibration
• Excessive humidity
• Dust buildup
• Moisture
• Cable chaffing
• Corrosive Vapors or Chemicals

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Ground Fault Basics

• Leakage current involves levels of current which
  are not typically controlled by fuses or breakers
  as they may be in the low milliamp range.
• Our low level fuse rated at 1/10 Amp, allows
  100mA of current.
• Protection levels provided by fuses and circuit
  breakers are designed to protect equipment but
  may not be enough to protect people.
• Ground fault relays and ground fault circuit
  interrupters protect people as well as equipment.

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Dangers of Electrical Shock

• Currents greater than 75 mA can cause
  ventricular fibrillation (rapid, ineffective
  heartbeat)
• Will cause death in a few minutes unless a
  defibrillator is used
• 75 mA is not much current a small power drill
  uses 30 times as much

Defibrillator in use
Photo courtesy of OSHA
mA milliampere 1/1000 of an ampere
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Effects of Electrical current
Condition
Effects
1-3 mA of current 3-10 mA of current 10-40 mA of
current 30-75 mA of current 100-200 mA of
current 62-75 mA of current gt 1500 mA of current
Mild sensation Muscles contract, releasing grip
may be difficult Let-go threshold, possible
loss of consciousness Respiratory
paralysis Ventricular fibrillation Directly
across chest - potentially fatal Tissue and
organs burn
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Progression of a Ground Fault

• Over time, undetected low level ground faults can
  escalate into high current ground faults that
  destroy equipment, cause fires, Arc-Flash
  accidents and costly downtimes.

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Ground Fault Relays

• Enhance personal safety
• Provide equipment protection
• Operate reliably without nuisance tripping

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What is a GFR?

• GFR stands for Ground Fault Relay.
• GFRs are used to sense ground faults and open
  circuit breakers or shunt trip switches to
  minimize damage to equipment and isolate the
  faulted branch.
• The ground fault current is usually sensed by
  current transformers.
• Alarms or signal set points can vary depending on
  the application.
• UL 1053 is the UL Standard for Ground Fault
  Equipment Protection
• GFRs are sometimes called Ground Fault Monitors.

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POWR-GARD Ground Fault Protection

• Protection Rapid disconnection at the set trip
  levels
• Prediction Display ground fault leakage or
  insulation resistance of a given load or circuit
• Monitoring allows for prediction and prevention
  of problems before they occur
• Act.rather than React

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Settings allow for control of key elements
RCD and GFR
GFR

• Leakage current - selectable
• 10mA / 30mA / 60mA / 80mA
• 100mA / 300mA / 600mA
• 800mA / 1.0A / 3.0A
• Time Delay - selectable
• lt50 ms
• 250 ms
• 500 ms
• 1.0 sec

• Insulation Resistance - selectable
• 250kO
• 500kO
• 1.0MO
• 2.0MO

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Traditional Ground Fault Protection

• Conventional monitoring looks for leakage current
  5 amps and above
• Likely to experience nuisance tripping caused by
  line noise
• Voltage surges and sags
• Transients
• Notches and spikes
• Harmonics

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POWR-GARD Technology
Developed by K-Tec for critical requirements

• Impervious to nuisance tripping
• Detect low level ground faults
• Prevents equipment damage
• Low and medium voltages
• Protect up to 1000 HP _at_ 4160V with inrush up to
  2000 Amps without nuisance tripping

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POWR-GARD Technology

• Works on line to detect leakage current
• GFRs also detect insulation resistance while
  offline
• Operate in all types of power systems
• Grounded
• High Resistance Ground
• Ungrounded or floating ground

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Arc-Flash Hazard Reduction

• Ground Fault Protection will reduce Arc-Flash
  Hazards
• Arc-Flash incident energy is directly
  proportional to how long the Arc-Flash current
  lasts (tA).
• GFRs can react to ground faults in 25
  milliseconds or less, minimizing Arc-Flash
  incident energy.
• Products which measure insulation resistance can
  predict and prevent an increase of insulation
  resistance before an arc flash incident would
  occur

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Ground Fault Relay applications

• Main Switchboards and panelboards over 1000 amps
• Ground Fault Protection can be cascaded to
  provide Zone Selective Interlocking (selective
  coordination) in critical applications.
• Arc-Flash Hazard reduction

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Ground Fault Protection is Regulated by Safety
Standards

• UL 943 for people protection
• National Electrical Code (NEC)
• OSHA
• MSHA
• Others under current review

Applicable Standards and Codes are listed in RTM
Documentation
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What is a GFCI?

• GFCI stands for Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
• Most common types of GFCIs are receptacle types
  used in residential bathrooms and kitchens near
  sources of water. (NEC 210.8)
• Most GFCIs are considered People protection and
  are set to open the circuit if the ground fault
  current is as low as 6mA.
• UL 943 is the UL Standard for People Protection
  GFCIs
• GFCIs consist of a sensing circuit and a switch
  or contactor that opens the circuit when a ground
  fault occurs.
• Some GFCIs are also called Residual Current
  Circuit Breakers or Earth Leakage Circuit
  Interrupters or ELCBs
• K-TEC GFCI are known as Shock-Block a high
  level GFCI currently leased to entertainment
  industry thru very specialized channels

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Where Ground Fault Protection is Used

• Panelboards and switchboards
• OEMs of Power Distribution panels and custom
  controls
• Elevators and escalators
• New construction sites
• Electric vehicle charging systems
• Municipal / Utilities wastewater treatment,
  dams, pools
• Marinas / Shipping
• Equipment for RV parks and vehicles
• Power pedestals

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Whats In a Name

• Product currently available for sale are labeled
  with the K-TEC brand name to assure current
  customers of product continuity
• In the coming months we are likely to change the
  labeling and branding to
• Littelfuse POWR-GARD Products
• to add to our safety product portfolio.

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NEW POWR-GARD Ground Fault Protection Products

• Ground Fault Relays
• Ground Fault Monitors
• Current Transformers
• Monitors and Accessories

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Ground Fault Relays

• RCD300M2 - Residual Current relays monitor
  current in the line and neutral conductors to
  detect a differential and predict oncoming
  faults.
• Will detect unsafe ground current level
• Adjustable leakage current and time setting
• Must be used with WKE series current transformers
• Connected to AC line input or shunt trip
• For single or three phase applications

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Ground Fault Relays
Leakage current options
Current selection dial
Fault indicator light
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Ground Fault Relays
GF Test button
Relay ON indicator
GF Test Reset Button
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Ground Fault Relays
Input monitoring terminals
Time selection dial
Output relay terminals
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Ground Fault Monitors

• GFR4000 - Similar to RCD300M2 with the addition
  of offline ground fault monitor
• Complete motor protection
• Offline Monitors insulation resistance to prevent
  restart of motor in unsafe condition
• Must be used with WKE series current transformers

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Ground Fault Monitors
GF Test button
Leakage current options
Relay ON indicator
Fault indicator light
GF Test Reset Button
Current selection dial
Insulation Resistance
Time selection dial
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Current Transformers

• WKE Series
• Used in conjunction with RCD and GFR products
• Unique technology provides sensitive detection
  without nuisance tripping
• Works with any POWR-GARD GFR products to reduce
  inventory requirements
• Mu metal composition

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Earth Loop Monitor

• ELM Series (ELM300)
• Ground Continuity monitor
• Assures proper grounding of portable or mobile
  equipment
• Used in applications where having a proper ground
  circuit is critical
• Alarm range 1.0 O

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Device Selection
All devices must be used in conjunction with
WKE series current transformers.
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Accessories
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Littelfuse Product Benefits

• Protect circuits in ungrounded, grounded or high
  resistance ground systems
• Protects workers to a lower level of leakage
  current for added safety
• Provide reliable protection without nuisance
  tripping which improves system availability
• Metering output to drive a remote meter or
  interface
• Predictive protection reduces incidents of
  arc-flash, fire and system disruption

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GFCIs and GFRs Are Used By OEMs

• OEMs of Panelboards and Switchboards
• OEMs of specialized controls for
• Semiconductor manufacturing
• Chemical processing
• Pulp and paper
• Pharmaceutical
• Petrochem

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Industries using GFCIs and GFRs

• Semiconductor manufacturing
• Mining Industry
• Petrochemical
• Pulp and paper
• Pharmaceutical
• Boathouses, Marinas, and RV parks
• Carnivals, Fairs, and temporary installations
  (movie sets, etc.)
• Pools, spas, fountains, and health care
  facilities.
• Safety Engineering Industry to reduce Arc-Flash
  Hazards and increase reliability

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Industrial Competitors

• List of top GFR competitors
• Bender (DIPL-ING W BENDER GMBH )
• Startco (Canada)
• Square D
• ABB
• Basler Electric

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POWR-GARD Specializes In Niche Markets

• Ground Fault Relay Market Segmentation by Trip
  Current

• Ground Fault Trip Sensitivity (Amps)
• .006A .010A .030A .100A 1A
  2.5A 5A

Extremely Difficult
Very Difficult
Difficult
Easy
GE Siemens Sq D IPC
K-Tec Technology
Competitors
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Product Available Now

• Release To Market program
• Web link (www.littelfuse.com/ktec)
• Data sheets for RCD, GFR, ELM, WKE
• Product overview sheet
• Sales presentation
• Other tools in development

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Support

• Pricing ASP for these systems (GFP CT) is
  800 to 1000
• Commission Rate is 10
• Product available nowlead time typically 2 4
  weeks
• Data sheets online and as part of RTM
• Data sheets will be printed and available through
  RR Donnelly

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Support Material

• RTM sent out today
• Links to data sheet and web information
• More resources under development
• Questions can be answered in POWR-GARD Marketing
  and soon on the Tec-Line

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For a Copy of This Presentation

• Login to the Littelfuse University Online
  Training Center at www.littelfuse.com/training
  using your Username and Password.
• Under Reference Files, click on Webcast
  Presentations for PowerPoints from recent
  Webcasts
• Also posted here
• Webcast Recording Replays
• Archived POWR-Blasts
• Module Descriptions
• Littelfuse Corporate Presentation
• New Logo .jpg file

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Upcoming Training

• Modules
• Modules 16, 17, 18 - 5-Step PG Services Selling
  Process (launched February 4)
• Module 19 - Pre-engineered Solutions (coming in a
  couple weeks)
• Module 20 - Introduction to Ground Fault
  Protection (coming in April)
• Webcasts
• Webcast 28 (Monday, April 7 Tuesday, April 8)
  New Promotional Workbook
• Webcast E1 (Tuesday, May 13) Pre-Engineered
  Solutions for End-Users
• Rep Rookie Training
• At Littelfuse Headquarters in Des Plaines April
  24-25, 2008
• Contact your agencys Principal regarding
  invitations and more details.

Contact Dave Scheuerman to launch Littelfuse
University Online Training with your Distributor
partners.
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Questions?
Thank you for attending!!