Cognitive vs Behaviorist Approaches to Learning

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Cognitive vs Behaviorist Approaches to Learning

• External conditions ---Behaviorism
• instructional manipulations
• outcome performance
• Internal conditions ---Cognitivism
• learner characteristics
• learning processes
• learning outcome

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Information Processing Model of Memory

• Types of information storage
• sensory memory
• short-term memory
• long-term memory
• Types of processes
• attention
• encoding
• rehearsal
• retrieval
• organization

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Sensory Memory

• Duration ---less than 1 second
• may depend on strength of stimulus
• background conditions
• Capacity ---unlimited
• Sperling experiment
• Processes--- ATTENTION
• divided attention studies
• cocktail party phenomenon
• automaticity
• reading as controlled vs automatic process

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GreenRed
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Yellow
Red
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Green Blue Red
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Short-Term Memory

• Duration less than 20 seconds
• Capacity 5 - 9 items
• Processes
• chunking
• speed of rehearsal --articulatory loop
• maintenance rehearsal
• interfering with rehearsal
• Brown Peterson paradigm
• serial position effect Primacy and recency

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Long-Term Memory

• Duration--- indefinite
• Capacity--- unlimited
• Types of LTM
• Procedural (nondeclarative/implicit)
• Declarative (explicit)
• Semantic
• Episodic

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• Processes for Long-Term Memory
• Types of rehearsal
• maintenance
• elaborative
• encoding
• levels of processing
• organization
• Classroom Application
• Tobins Wait Time