Lung Cancer

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Lung Cancer
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What Is Lung Cancer?

• Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death
  for men and women.
• It is also the most preventable form of cancer.
• Tobacco use accounts for 87 of lung cancers.
• There are two major types of lung cancer
• 1. Non-small cell lung cancer (87)
• 2. Small cell lung cancer (13)
• Each grows and spreads in different ways and is
  treated differently.

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The American Cancer Societys Estimates

• In the United States during 2008
• 215,020 new cases of lung cancer will be
  diagnosed.
• 161,840 deaths will occur as the result of this
  disease.

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Who Is At Risk?

• Cigarette smoking is by far the greatest risk
  factor for lung cancer.
• The longer a person uses tobacco and the more
  they use, the greater their risk.
• If a person quits before cancer develops, the
  damaged lung tissue gradually improves.
• Others at risk include
• Nonsmokers who breathe in secondhand smoke.
• Occupational or environmental exposure to radon,
  asbestos, certain metals, radiation or air
  pollution. If people are exposed to the above
  carcinogens also smoke, their risk is greatly
  increased.

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Reducing Your Risk

• Quitting tobacco use, or not starting at all, is
  by far the best way to prevent lung cancer.
• Other ways to reduce your risk include
• Avoid secondhand tobacco smoke
• Eat a healthy, balanced diet with at least five
  servings of fruits and vegetables every day
• Take protective measures against cancer-causing
  chemicals at work
• Monitor indoor radon levels, especially in the
  home

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Symptoms

• Symptoms of lung cancer may include
• Persistent cough
• Sputum streaked with blood
• Chest pain
• Voice change
• Recurrent pneumonia or bronchitis
• These are also warning signs of other, less
  serious illnesses, so if they appear, they should
  be discussed with your doctor.

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Detection

• Because symptoms often do not appear until the
  disease has spread, early detection is difficult.
  
• When lung cancer is diagnosedearly, it is
  usually a result oftests for unrelated
  conditions.
• If lung cancer is suspected,tests such as a
  chest x-ray,analysis of cells in the phlegm,and
  a biopsy may be done.

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Treatment

• Treatment is most successful when cancer is
  detected early.
• Often, two or more treatment methods are used.
• Patients should thoroughly discuss treatment
  options with their doctors.

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Treatment Options

• Surgery to remove tumors, chemotherapy, and
  radiationin combination or aloneare common
  treatments for lung cancer.
• Surgery An operation to remove cancer cells.
• Radiation therapy Uses high-energy rays to
  shrink or kill cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy Uses anticancer drugs that attack
  cancer cells and normal cells. These drugs are
  usually given by injection or by mouth.
• Treatment options depend on cancer type and stage
  of cancer.

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Survival Rates

• 5-year localized survival rate is 49
• Localized cancer is cancer that, at the time of
  diagnosis, had not spread to additional sites
  within the body. Typically, the earlier a cancer
  is detected and diagnosed, the more successful
  the treatment, thus enhancing the survival rate.
  Only 16 of lung cancers are diagnosed at this
  early stage.
• 5-year overall survival rate is 15
• The 5-year survival rates represent persons who
  are living 5 years after diagnosis, whether
  disease-free, in remission, or under treatment.
  They do not imply that 5-year survivors have been
  permanently cured of cancer.

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How Will Cancer Affect Me And My Family?

• From the time of diagnosis, everyone is
  affectedin some way, even family and friends.
• The American Cancer Society works to enhance
  aspects of life often challenged by this disease
  through
• Reducing the physical toll of cancer.
• Reducing barriers to allow those affected to
  continue with their day-to-day lives.
• Reducing the social and financial impact of
  cancer.
• Preserving the spiritual well-being of those
  affected.

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Patient Concerns

• People with lung cancer are often distressed
  about their physical appearance, including weight
  loss the social stigma and guilt associated with
  tobacco use and end of life issues due to the
  low survival rate.
• Other concerns include
• Changes in what they are able to do after
  treatment
• Impact on finances and loved ones
• Fear of recurrence
• Sleep difficulties
• Pain
• Depression

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You Are Not Alone

• In recent years, the quality of life for
  those who are living with cancer has
  received increased attention.
• No one has to make the cancer journey alone.
  
• The American Cancer Society provides sources of
  information and support to cancer patients, their
  families, and friends. These include access to
  secure and private online chats, message boards,
  and support groups.

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Connecting With Others

• ACS Survivors NetworkSM is one source of support
  for people with cancer and their families and
  friends. The Network will help you find and talk
  to others who share your interests and
  experiences.
• Visit our Internet site at www.acscsn.org.

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Hope For The Future

• Tobacco control specialists are studying
• How to help people quit tobacco use.
• How to prevent young people from starting this
  habit.
• How to prevent lung cancer in people at high
  risk.
• Researchers are also studying
• New technologies, such as computed tomography
  (CT) scans, and tests that identify DNA changes
  in lung cancer cells.
• New chemotherapy drugs and drug combinations.
• Gene therapys potential for preventing or
  treating lung cancer.

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The Bottom Line

• The number of Americans who get lung cancer is
  decreasing, primarily due to a decrease in adult
  tobacco use over the past 30 years.
• Tobacco use among teensand pre-teens, however,
  has increased in recent years, raising the
  potential for higher lung cancer rates in the
  future.

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The Bottom Line

• An estimated 45 million adults (21 of the
  population) are current smokers
• Until tobacco use is sharply decreased, lung
  cancer will continue to be the number one cause
  of cancer death in the United States, killing
  more than 161,000 Americans every year.
• Stopping the use of tobacco could nearly wipe
  out lung cancer.

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Tobacco Use Prevention

• Preventing initiation in adolescents is the most
  effective tobacco use prevention strategy.
• What prevents initiation?
• Increasing the cost of tobacco products through
  taxes. (Rates of smoking are highly correlated
  with price of cigarettes.)
• Reducing youth access (prohibit sale to
  individuals less than 18 years old).
• Develop counter-marketing campaigns against
  tobacco use to show how youth are being
  manipulated by the tobacco industry.

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Tobacco Use Prevention Cont

• Additional ways to decrease Tobacco Use
• Support Comprehensive State Tobacco Control
  Programs
• Strengthening Smoking Bans and Restrictions by
  Supporting Clean Indoor Air Campaigns
• Help Smokers Quit

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High Plains Quitlines

• Kansas 1-866-KAN-STOP
• Missouri 1-800-Quit-Now
• Nebraska 1-800-Quit-Now
• Oklahoma 1-800-784-8669
• Texas 1-877-937-7848
• Hawaii 1-800-Quit-Now

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Contact The American Cancer Society

• American Cancer Society programs and services are
  available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
• To reach us
• Visit the American Cancer Society Internet site
  at www.cancer.org.
• Call toll-free, 1800ACS2345.

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Additional Resources

• National Cancer InstituteCancer Information
  Service Telephone 18004CANCER (toll
  free)Internet www.nci.nih.gov
• American Lung AssociationTelephone
  18005864872 (toll free) or 2123158700
  Internet www.lungusa.org

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Additional Resources

• American Heart AssociationTelephone
  1800AHA-USA1 (toll free)Internet
  www.americanheart.org
• Campaign for Tobacco-Free KidsTelephone
  2022965469Internet www.tobaccofreekids.org

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