Air Cargo Security in Japan

1
Air Cargo Security in Japan

• Soshi MURAKAWA
• Special Assistant to the Director
• Aviation Security Office
• Aviation Safety and Security Promotion Division
• Civil Aviation Bureau
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and
  Tourism

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Contents

• Overview of Aviation Security System
• in Japan
• Air Cargo Security in Japan
• Regulated Agent Regime
• Screening
• Quality Control

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I. Introduction - Civil Aviation Activities
in Japan-
International Passengers flow to and from
Japan (Unit Thousand)
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I. Introduction - Civil Aviation Activities
in Japan-
Air Cargo Handling Volume
In million ton-kilometers
Japan 21,706 million ton-kilometers for 2006
The fifth amount in the world
ICAO Annual Report of the Council, 2006
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I. Introduction - Aviation Security System
in Japan -

• lt Major Responsibilities gt
• JCAB
• Policy, law and regulation making
• Coordination among relevant agencies
• Inspection
• Airport Operators
• Access control
• Airport contingency plan
• Airport Security Committee
• Air Carriers
• Screening of passengers and their baggage
• Security Measures for air cargo
• Security measures for aircraft
• Regulated Agent
• Security Measures for air cargo
• Police
• Patrol of Airport Terminal and Surrounding Areas
• Response to Matters such as Bomb Threat or
  Hijacking

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I. Introduction - Aviation Security System
in Japan -
Government (CAB)

Security measures for passenger and baggage
Air Carriers
Governmental agencies (police, CIQ, etc.)

• Screening of passengers, carry-on baggage and
  hold baggage
• ? Security controls of catering supplies and
  stores to be brought onto airplanes, etc.

Security measures for aircraft
? aircraft security check, etc.
Instruction Education
Education of screeners
? Education, training and certifications of
screeners
Regulated Agents
Security measures for air cargo
Airport operatorsand airport terminal companies
Instruction Education

• Security control of air cargo handling facilities
• Security control of air cargo, etc.

Security control of airports

• Setting of security restricted areas in airports
  and ensuring access control
• Staff screening, etc.

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I. Introduction- Past Incident of Aircraft
Explosion Plot Related to Japan -

• Bomb explosion at Narita Airport
• In June 1985, a container of transfer hold
  baggage exploded at Narita Airport, killing two
  ground workers. It was revealed that this
  container came from Vancouver and was to be taken
  on board aircraft operated by Air India.
• Concurrent aircraft explosion over the North
  Atlantic
• One hour after the incident in Japan,
  another aircraft operated by Air India from
  Montreal to London (AI 182) exploded in the air
  while flying over the North Atlantic, claiming
  329 lives.

Source The Asahi Press
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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated
Agent Regime

• Basis of the Regulated Agent (RA) Regime
• ICAO Annex 17 and Security Manual
• Main purpose
• To facilitate smooth flow of air cargo while
  maintaining the security of air cargo.
• Enforcement
• October 1, 2005 (transition period up to March
  31, 2006)
• April 1, 2006 (full implementation)
• Number of Regulated Agents
• (Approved freight forwarders and air transport
  agents)
• 158 Companies as of 1 March 2008

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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated
Agent Regime

• Basic concepts of RA regime in Japan
• - Compatibility between security of air cargo
  and
• facilitation of air cargo flow
• - Appropriate sorting out of secure air
  cargoes from other air
• cargoes
• As for secure air cargo (air cargo which has
  been identified
• as secure), smooth loading into aircraft is
  allowed.
• As for other air cargo (air cargo which has not
  yet been
• identified as secure), screening of those air
  cargoes is
• required to be carried out by regulated
  agents or air carriers
• before loading into aircraft.

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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated
Agent Regime
Outline
Known Shipper
Guidance and request for cooperation
Safety declaration ensuring cargo safety
Approval and instruction
Consistent protection from known shipper to
loading into aircraft
Regulated Agent
MLIT
Application
Air Cargo Security Programme
Safety confirmation
Unknown Cargo
Instruction of security measure
Air Carrier
Safety confirmation of air cargo before loading
into aircraft
Screening for explosive (ETDS, etc.)
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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated
Agent Regime

• RA approval standards (Guidelines by the Civil
  Aviation Bureau)
• Compliance with the NCASP and security standards
  for air cargo in their air cargo security
  programmes
• Competence to execute the air cargo security
  program properly
• Air Cargo Security Programmes
• Category of the threat level
• Security measures for air cargo according to the
  threat level, including security control for air
  cargo handling facilities
• Methods of confirming know shippers
• Specific procedures for safety confirmation
• Education and training in aviation security
• Regular self-inspection concerning its security
  measures
• Other items required

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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated
Agent Regime
Effective scope of safety declaration
Known cargo
Safety declaration note and written consent to
be screened for explosives
AWB ShipperCompany A
Company A Known shipper
Company X RA or Air carrier

Known cargo
By submitting the safety declaration note for
secure air cargo, all cargoes shipped by A (on
the AWB) and handled by X are treated as known
cargoes.
Safety confirmation
Order
AWB Shipper Company A
Associated companies
Subsidiary vendor
Other companies
Subsidiary (Vendor)
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Flow of Air Cargo
II. Air Cargo Security in Japan1. Regulated
Agent Regime
Known Shipper Shippers identified by Air Carriers
or RAs
Unknown Shipper Shippers other than known shippers
KS
1
2
3
5
6
4
RA
Regulated Agents (freight forwarders and air
transportation agents)
Forwarders other than RA
Safety confirmation by the package Process
control complying with the standards
Refusal of acceptance Opening search
Screening with an X-ray machine, etc. or 24
hour-detention
5
3
2
4
Air Carriers
3
5
6
1
2
4
Safety confirmation by the package Process
control complying with the standards
Refusal of acceptance Opening
search Screening with an X-ray machine, etc.,
or 24 hour detention
24-hour detention is allowed only when the air
cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft dedicated for
air cargo transport.
On board aircraft
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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan2. Screening

• Principle of security measures taken by an RA

• Screening for explosive of air cargo to be taken
  on board passenger aircraft is required, unless
  air cargo is handled by an RA and recognized as
  known cargo shipped from a known shipper.
• ?The RA shall confirm that the air cargo is
  shipped from known shippers, and then take
  preventive measures against unauthorized
  tampering of the air cargo.

Opening search or screening by screening
equipment (X-ray, AT, ETDS or EDS)
ltScreening for Explosivesgt
24-hour detention is allowed only when the air
cargo is to be loaded onto aircraft dedicated for
air cargo transport.
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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan2. Screening
-Screening Equipment-

• Type of Screening equipment
• ETDS Mainly used
• X-Ray
• Others
• Issues
• Cost of introduction
• Cost of maintenance
• Personnel Training

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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan2. Screening
- Financial support -

• Target airport airports managed by the national
  government (25 airports)
• Target party Air carriers, RAs, and cargo
  terminal building companies
• Target items
• Cost of purchase of explosive detection machines
• (X-ray detection equipment, explosive
  trace detection systems, etc.)
• Cost of security screeners for detecting
  explosives
• Cost of security guards at the cargo terminal
  building in the airport

Proportion of the support within a half of
the total cost In the case of other kinds of
airports managed by the semi-governmental airport
corporations (Narita, Kansai, and Chubu) or local
governments, they also provide financial support
in principle in a similar way to the national
government.
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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan3. Quality
Control

• Requirements of submitting reports and receiving
  CABs inspection
• Instruction for improvement of air cargo security
  programme, or cancellation of the approval by the
  CAB
• Training for security officer
• National Civil Aviation Training program
• Annual training program provided by CAB

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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan3. Quality
Control - Inspection -

• Inspection of RAs conducted by Civil Aviation
  Bureau

Advance hearing on the basis of answers to
inquiry form

• Recording by inspection report writing
• Follow-up on the indicated points

Advance preparation
Subsequent work
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II. Air Cargo Security in Japan3. Quality
Control - Inspection -

• Inspection of Airport (Cargo security) conducted
  by CAB

Advance preparation
Advance hearing on the basis of answers to
inquiry form

• Recording by inspection report writing
• Follow-up on the indicated points

Subsequent work
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International Air Transport Network is expanding
globally and International cooperation on
Aviation Security is vital for further
development of aviation.Thank you for your
attention.