Taxonomy

1
Taxonomy
2
Taxonomy

• Classification and naming of living things

3
1700s Carolus Linnaeus

• Grouped organisms in hierarchical categories
  based on structural similarities.
• Devised a 2-part system to give organisms a
  scientific name.

4
Binomial Nomenclature

• 2 part naming system.
• 1st part Genus (generic)
• 2nd part species (specific)
• Written in italics and genus is capitalized.
• Example humans- Homo sapien

5
Modern Linnaean System

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
6
Humans

• Eukarya
• Animalia
• Chordata
• Mammalia
• Primata
• Homindae
• Homo
• Sapien
• Homo sapien

7
Dandelions

• Eukarya
• Plantae
• Magnoliophyta
• Magnoliopsida
• Asterales
• Asteraceae
• Taraxacum
• Officinale
• Taraxacum officinale

8
3 Domains

• Archaea
• Bacteria
• Eukarya

9
6 Kingdoms

• Archeabacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

10
Archeabacteria

• Prokaryotic cells
• Heterotrophic and autotrophic by chemosynthesis

11
Eubacteria

• Prokaryotic
• Unicellular
• Heterotrophic and autotrophic by photosynthesis
  and chemosynthesis

12
Fungi

• Eukaryotic
• Unicellular or Multicellular
• Heterotrophs that absorb rather than ingest
• Examples mushrooms, mildews, mold

13
Plantae

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Photosynthetic
• Develop from embryos
• Example mosses, ferns, flowering plants

14
Animalia

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophs
• Develop from embryos
• Examples birds, mammals, reptiles

15
Protista

• Eukaryotic
• Mostly unicellular, few multicellular
• Not fungus, plant, or animal
• Examples ameoba, paramecium

16
(No Transcript)
17
Phylogenic Tree

• represents the hypotheses of the evolutionary
  relationships between groups of organisms.

18
Dichotomous Key

• Used to classify and identify organisms based on
  observable characteristics, such as structure and
  behavior.
• Lists specific characteristics in opposing pairs.

19
Cladogram

• a phylogenic tree that compares shared and
  derived characteristics.
• Shared characteristic feature that all
  members of a group have.
• Derived characteristic feature that evolved
  only with the specific group.

20
A. What characteristics does a cladogram compare?

• Homologous structures
• Embryological features
• Molecular similarities

21
B. What do cladograms assume?

• That organisms that share derived
  characteristics, inherited them from a common
  ancestor.

22
C. What do cladograms show?

• Which organisms shared a more recent common
  ancestor, NOT who evolved from whom

23
D. Do cladograms show definitive, proven
evolutionary relationships?

• No, it shows a hypothesis and can be modified as
  discoveries are made.

24
How to read a cladogram

• Outgroup first group does not share any
  features with the rest of the groups.
• Nodes represent a common ancestor.
• Branches trace new derived characteristics.