The Federal Bureaucracy

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The Federal Bureaucracy
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Total Government Employment (1946-2001)
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Cabinet Departments, Independent Agencies, and
Government Corporations
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The Cabinet

• Interior (1849)
• Justice (1789)
• Labor (1913)
• State (1789)
• Transportation (1966)
• Treasury (1789)
• Veterans Affairs (1989)
• Homeland Security (2002)

• Agriculture (1889)
• Commerce (1913)
• Defense (17891947)
• Education (1979)
• Energy (1977)
• Health and Human Services (19531979)
• Housing and Urban Development (1965)

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How Long Does it Take to Confirm Presidential
Appointees?
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General Rulemaking in Agencies

• 1.) Announcement of proposed changes in the
  Federal Register
• 2.) Hearings regarding proposed regulation are
  held
• 3.) Carry out research on economic and
  environmental impacts
• 4.) Ask for public comments
• 5.) Consult with higher officials
• 6.) Publish the new regulation in the Federal
  Register

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Bad Rep Public Perception of Government
Wastefulness and Worker Credibility
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Black/Hispanic Descriptive Representation in
State/Local Government Workforce Compared to the
Private Sector Workforce