Nervous System III

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Nervous System III

• May 3, 2007
• BIOL 203
• Karen Kraus

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Everybodys got one

• Brain structures
• Cerebrum (cortex, medulla)
• Cerebellum
• Diencephalon
• Brain Stem
• Fissures, gyri, sulci

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Cerebrum

• Cortical lobes
• motor areas
• sensory areas
• association areas
• Medulla
• cerebral nuclei
• tracts

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Diencephalon

• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Epithalamus

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Brainstem

• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla Oblongata

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The Little Brain

• Vermis
• Arbor vitae
• Peduncles

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Functional Systems

• Limbic system
• hypothalamus
• hippocampus
• rhinencepalon
• prefrontal cortex
• fornix
• Reticular Activating System
• corona radiata

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Protection racket

• Meninges
• Dura mater
• Arachnoid mater
• Pia mater
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Ventricles
• Choroid plexus

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Dont you have a backbone?

• C1 through L1
• anchored
• filum terminale
• denticulate ligaments
• Enlargements
• cervical
• lumbar

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Spinal Cord Cross Section
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Spinal Tracts

• Ascending
• spinothalamic
• spinocerebellar
• Descending
• corticospinal

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Good reflexes!

• Reflex arc
• types of reflexes
• spinal vs. cranial
• innate vs. acquired
• somatic vs. autonomic
• flexor (withdrawal)
• crossed extensor
• stretch

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The nerve!

• Facial
• Vestibulocochlear
• Glossopharyngeal
• Vagus
• Accessory
• Hypoglossal

• Olfactory
• Optic
• Oculomotor
• Trochlear
• Trigeminal
• Abducens

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Spinal nerves

• 31 pairs
• 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1
  coccygeal
• roots form nerves, which split to form rami
• ventral rami from cervical, lumbar and sacral
  form plexuses

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Plexus nexus

• Cervical
• phrenic
• Brachial
• median, radial, ulnar
• Lumbar
• femoral
• Sacral
• sciatic, peroneal, tibial

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Versus

• Somatic vs. Autonomic nervous systems
• functional differences
• structural differences
• dual innervation
• two-neuron chain
• myelination
• effectors
• neurotransmitters

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Repeat

• Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic

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Sympathetic Division
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Parasympathetic Division
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Reception

• Cholinergic
• Nicotinic
• Muscarinic
• Adrenergic
• Alpha
• Beta

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Action!

• Effects of the ANS
• sympathetic
• generally fight or flight
• parasympathetic
• generally resting and digesting