Introduction of MAAM Technology Molecular Assembling Anti Microbial

1
Introduction of MAAM Technology
Molecular Assembling Anti Microbial

2
Desirability of Antimicrobial Material

• Anti-microbal material obtained by adding one or
  several antimicrobal agent(s) to inhibit or
  sterilize the material.
• Microbes Virus, bacteria and fungi can cause
  harm in every aspect of life.
• Increasingly, people will demand protection
  against microbial infection.

3
Application of Antimicrobial Material

• 1960s antibiotic fibre
• 1980s antimicrobial plastic
• 1990s great development of antimicrobial
  material in various industries chemical
  engineering, fibre, food, electrical appliance,
  and cement, covering almost all major kinds of
  fibre and plastic products Dacron, polypropylene
  fibers, acrylon, PP?ABS?ABS?PE?PVC.

4
Classification of Antimicrobial Materials

• According to the chemical composition of
  antimicrobial agents divided into
• Natural antimicrobial agents
• Impossible to be industrialized due to,
• Limitations of sources and processing
  conditions
• Organic antimicrobial agents (first generation)
• High efficiency and broad spectrum of
  antimicrobial ability
• Poor thermal stability, toxicity, seepage and
  dissolution
• Short life time and poor wash resistance,
• Inorganic antimicrobial agents (second
  generation)
• Silver-series agents other inorganic agents

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Inorganic Antimicrobial Agents

• Silver-series agents
• Advantages safety, thermal stability, and
  durability,
• widely used in fibre, plastics and building
  materials.
• Disadvantages higher price and slow
  effectiveness.
• poor effect on fungi and mould.
• oxidation of silver result in
  brown color and
• deterioration of
  the antimicrobial ability.
• Other inorganic antimicrobial agents
• Poor compatibility of the powder with
  macromolecular materials causes agglo-meration in
  matrix resin, resulting in difficulties in
  spinning and drawing.
• Agents releasing heavy metallic ions, can not be
  used in materials for food pack-aging, kitchen
  wares and drinking water pipes, etc.

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Invention of MAAM Technology

• Polymerization and processing of polymers
• Preparation of a multifunctional antimicrobial
  oligomer containing the reactive double bond,
  amino group, and guanidyl group
• Functional master batch formed by the bonding
  reaction of the oligomer with polyolefin.
• Mixing the functional master batch with
  polyolefin to a certain ratio, thus preparing
  various fibres and plastic products for the
  broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability, improvement
  of the antistatic ability, dye-ability, and
  paint-ability.

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Third Generation of Antimicrobial Agent

• MAAM technology is the prelude to the revolution
  of antimicrobial material.
• The essence of the invention A functional
  polyolefin master batch as a new antimicrobial
  agent

R is a polyamine and guanidine salt oligomer
bonded onto polyolefin molecular chain by
covalence bond, while S is one selected from
hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, or the phenyl group.
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Importance of Guanidine Salts

• GB 2,182,245 discloses polyhexamethylene
  biguanide being used as an antimicrobial agent,
• JP 05,209,195 JP 05,209,196 JP 05,209,197
  disclose polyhexamethylene biguanide as
  decontaminant in water treatment, characterizing
  good water solubility and high safety for
  environmental protection
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,891,423 discloses polyoxyethylene
  diamine biguanide being used as water-soluble
  antimicrobial liquor for contact lenses which
  proves that the antimicrobial agent has a
  superior safety for humans.
• RU 2,052,453 and SU 1,750,979 disclose
  polyethylene diamine biguanide being used as an
  antimicrobial agent in water treatment and stuff
  added into pigment for oil painting protection.
• Guanidine salt and its derivatives are raw
  materials for producing sulfadiazine and
  sulfadimidine, these medicines have
  broad-spectrum antimicrobial function, and
  excellent thermal stability.

9
Modification of Guanidine Salts

• Polymer material containing guanidyl groups are
  effective antimicrobial agents, and are used as
  water purification agents because of their good
  water-soluble properties.
• The water-soluble property contrarily becomes an
  obstacle for its application as an antimicro-bial
  modifier in the areas of plastics, fibres,
  rub-ber, and coating materials.
• Further modifications of the polymer containing
  guanidyl groups are needed in order to have more
  industrial value and wider applications.

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Advantages of MAAM Technology

• Compared to antimicrobial products produced by
  conventional blending techniques, MAAM technique
  overcomes the poor safety for human beings,
  inferior washable durability and etc.
• MAAM products with antimicrobial functional
  groups are firmly linked with matrix resin
  molecules via chemical bonds, so that they can
  endure wash with detergents and without toxicity.
  
• Functional master batch has excellent
  compatibility with resin matrix, particularly
  suitable for more complicated processes, such as
  producing fine filament and biaxial stretching
  film.
• The safety of the materials ensure the
  applications in food packaging materials and
  pressure water pipe materials.
• Ordinary antimicrobial materials containing
  organic and inorganic anti-microbial agents can
  not compete.

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Principle of MAAM Technology

• Guanidine salts and their derivatives are used as
  antistatic agents for synthetic fibers since they
  have strong polar and moisture adsorbability.
• Compared to matrix resins, antimicrobial
  functional groups have much stronger polar
  effect, and are easily enriched on the surface.
  Therefore, the electric resistivity is reduced,
  and the antistatic ability of the material is
  improved.
• The polar groups can combine with dye or paint
  molecules, and the problems in dyeing and
  painting of polyolefins can be solved/reduced to
  a certain extent.
• Due to the difference in polarity, the
  antimicrobial groups can act as nucleating
  agents, increase the rate of crystallization and
  reduce the grain size. Thus improving the
  mechanical performance of materials to a certain
  extent.

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Principle of MAAM Technology

• Both the cell and the cell wall of microbes
  con-tain protein with negative charge. The
  antimi-crobial functional groups, grafted by MA
  tech- nology, has positive electric polarity.
• Antimicrobial functional groups can attract the
  microbes with Coulomb force, and block the
  respiration and metabolism of microbial cells.
• Finally it causes the rupture of the cellmembrane
  and plasmolysis, and thus achieves the
  capabili-ty of anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and
  anti-fungi (mildew-proof) function.

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Test Results of Master Batch

• Efficiencies of Anti-microbesantimicrobial rate
  gt 99.99
• antiviral rate gt 98.79
• mildew-proof zero grade (top grade)
• Rapid killing effect on anti-bacteria99 of
  bacteria were killed lt 10 minutes with a
  concentrationof 105 CFU/ml.
• Broad-spectrum of anti-microbes effectThe
  germicidal effects were tested with Colibacillus,
  S.aureus, P.aeruginose, Hag bacillus,
  Preuinocaccus, Saccharomy sake, Aspergillus
  flavus, Candida albicans, Influenza virus and so
  on. (supplements)

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Test Results of Applications

• Permanence of anti-microbes effectAntimicrobial
  functional groups are firmly linked via chemical
  bond with resin, and the functional ingredients
  can not be seeping and dissolving even washing
  with detergent for more 50 times.
• Acute (oral LD50) Toxicity Test non- toxicity
  substance
• Skin-irritation Experiment Negative
• Micronucleus Test of Bone Marrow Cells Negative
  
• The test of BOPP Film Sample complies with the
  specification and requirment stated by the US
  FDA.
• (see attachments)

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Applications of MAAM Technology

• Antimicrobial non-woven materials and a variety
  of other products are extensively used in
  hospitals, public places and households. They
  include different kinds of antimicrobial and
  medically protective articles (such as protective
  gauze mask, surgery gauze masks, protective
  clothing, operating coat/cap, doctor cap,
  bandages, pled gets, operating drapes, medical
  articles used during the bearing of a baby,
  operative cavity cloth, sheets, pillowslips,
  diapers, sanitary towels, insoles etc.
• Antimicrobial film and its derivates such as, PP
  film, PE film, PA film, PVC film, PET film etc.
  are extensively used in medi-cine, food packaging
  and the like.

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Applications of MAAM Technology

• Antimicrobial (mildew-proof) fiber and its
  products, such as propylene lasting fiber, short
  fiber, nylon, terrylene, garments, under-wear,
  socks, carpets, furniture textiles, cloth
  materials polymers used in toys etc.
• Antimicrobial (mildew-proof) building materials,
  such as PP-r water pipe, PP-b water pipe, PVC
  water pipe, PE pipe etc.
• Antimicrobial (mildew-proof) family appliances,
  such as refri-gerators, washing machine,
  air-conditioner, waterdispensers, telephones,
  computers and mice.
• Antimicrobial (mildew-proof) articles used in
  households and public places, such as plastic
  desks, plastic chairs, plastic dishware, etc.

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Master Batch
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Using Method of MAAM Technology

• Choose right master batch of the same or similar
  proper- ty as the main material.
• Dry processing This is a vacuum-packed product.
  It should be used once you open the bag. If
  there is any non-vacuum situation, we suggest you
  dry this product 1 to 2 hours at the temperature
  of 100 ºC to 105 ºC.
• Added proportion 4 to 5
• Mix the master batch with main ingredient evenly
  (temperature 180-185 ºC).

The melting point of master batch is ca. 360 ºC
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