Foreign Aid

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Foreign Aid

• The Other Donors

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Multilateral Organizations

• United Nations Development Programmme
• UN Specialized Agencies
• UNICEF
• ILO
• FAO
• UNESCO

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UN System Two Types

• Funds and Programs- Report to Economic and Social
  Development Council
• Specialized Agencies- Autonomous Boards

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Basic Characteristics UN System

• Made up of components of all National Systems
• Representative Voting Reflects LDC majority
• Critics Anarchy
• Significant Patronage and Corruption

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The World Bank System

• International Monetary Fund Bridging Loan
  Facility
• International Bank for Reconstruction and
  Development- Infrastructure
• International Development Association-
  Consessional
• International Finance Corporation Commercial
  Rates

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Characteristics

• Block Voting
• Dominated by Organization for Economic
  Construction and Development (OECD)
• Debt Forgiveness Issue
• Structural Adjustment Vehicle
• Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Programs

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Regional Banks

• Asian Development Bank
• African Development Bank
• InterAmerican Development Bank
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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U.S. Agencies

• U.S. Agency for International Development
• Millennium Challenge Corporation
• Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator
• State Department of Public Affairs
• U.S. Agencies Agriculture, Commerce, Labor

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Commonwealth Legacy

• Colonial Development Corporation 1929
• Colombo Plan 1955-1964
• Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation
• Department for International Development (DFID)

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Commonwealth Donors

• Canadian International Development Corporation
  (CIDA)- Bridges French and English Speaking
  Countries
• Australia- Ausaid (Focus on Asia)
• New Zealand Aid

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Donors and Recipients

• India
• China
• South Africa
• Brazil
• Portugal

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European Colonial Legacy

• Ministry for Cooperation, Development and
  Francophony
• GTZ- German Technical Assistance and German
  Department of Cooperation and Development
• Dutch, Italian and Belgium Technical Assistance

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Scandinavia Soft Donors

• SIDA- Swedish International Development
  Association
• DANIDA- Danish International Development
  Association
• NORAD- Norwegian Agency for Development
  Coorporation
• FINNAID-Finnish foreign aid and cooperation

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The Donor System

• Soft Vs. Hard Systems
• Trade vs. Aid
• Debt Reduction/Debt Forgiveness
• Governance Reform vs. Interference
• Information Technology
• Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism

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Public Private PartnershipsThe International
Context

• Defined
• Partnerships (formal or informal) between
• Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs),
• Community Based Organizations (CBOs),
• Governments,
• Donors (International and Private),
• Private- Business Sector.

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Public Private Partnerships

• Origins-
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• a. International Donors- Way of Dealing with
  Umbrella Grants and implementation of development
  policies
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• b. Accepting donor money means accepting donor
  principles

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Public Private Partnerships

• c. Comes out of Structural Adjustment and Policy
  Reform
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• d. Seen by some as an alternative to Contracting
  Out- Others as part of it
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• e. Critics see it as detrimental to a market
  approach to economic change

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Public Private Partnerships

• Characteristics-
• a. Targeted at the expansion of Social Capital
  and Synergy in the promotion of Economic and
  Social Development
•   b. Seeks a holistic or Integrated Approach to
  Economic and Social Development
•   c. Involves informal processes, cultural
  sensitivities as well as legal norms and
  contracting principles.

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Public Private Partnerships (PPPs)

• PPP Supporting Factors in the International
  Context
•   1. Democratic Governance- private sector and
  NGOs seen as legitimate actors transparency,
  accountability and responsiveness
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• 2. Rational Government- Merit Principles,
  anti-corruption environment, acceptance of
  non-state actors as service deliverers.
  Contracting Out

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Public Private Partnerships- Factors

• Factors that Support PPPs 
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• 3. Decentralization- Subsidiarity Governance
  devolved to the lowest levels capable of
  implementation and contracting out
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• 4. Legal Frameworks- Acceptance of Contractual
  Agreement as the basic organizational relationship

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Public Private Partnerships-Factors

• 5. Institutional Norms, Organizational
  Capacity and regularized principles of
  inter-organizational interaction. Requires high
  levels of capacity building
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• 6. Social and Economic Stability
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• 7. Organizational flexibility across all
• sectors

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Public Private Partnerships- Factors

• 8. Social and Institutional Pluralism- win-win
  rather than zero sum game across social, ethnic,
  religious and racial groups
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• 9. Social Networks exist at Grass roots, and
  intermediate as well as higher levels of
  government-See diagram

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Discussion

• Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff,
• Partnership for International Development
  Rhetoric or ResultsBoulder, Co. Lynne Rienner
  Publishers, 2002