... data base containing zone, cache, reverse lookup, an

1
Windows routing and resolution
2
Basic concepts

• Host name machine.sub-domain.domain
• example mail.ubalt.edu
• same machine name in Windows in NetBIOS and
  TCP/IP, but the NetBIOS name is just \\machine
• IP numbers are assigned to NICs
• a machine can have more than one NIC
• one NIC can have more than one IP number
• use IPCONFIG to see IP numbers in a machine
• example in AL 200 and WEBTEACH
• How to map host names to IP numbers?
• Host tables, DNS and WINS

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IP resolution

• Name resolution given a TCP/IP name how to know
  its corresponding IP number.
• Alternatives
• HOSTS file an ASCII list of host names and IP
  numbers,
• IP broadcast workstation asks for IP number
  (resolution)
• LMHOSTS file does all HOSTS do plus include part
  of the table from central location, identify DC,
  Domain, etc. Both at \system
  root\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc
• DNS a data base containing zone, cache, reverse
  lookup, and arpa-127 files (resource records),
  located at \system root\Windows\System32\Dns
  directory, DHCP updates DNS in Windows 2000 on
  (not in NT).
• WINS uses a replicated data base with computer
  names and IP numbers, dynamic, interacting with
  DHCP.

4
IP routing

• Routing tables
• Static - maintained by network manager (NT)
• Dynamic - automatically by routing protocol
• DNS
• required for socket applications (FTP, HTTPD,
  MAIL)
• DNS service, dynamic link to WINS but requires
  manual updating of central route table , RIP
  takes care of the rest (NT). DHCP automatically
  updates DNS in Windows 2K on
• DNS data base boot (where are the files),
  arpa-127.rev (maps localhost into 127.0.0.1),
  cache (where the root servers are located in
  the Internet), direct and reverse lookup table of
  names and IP numbers .
• Primary and secondary name servers one of each
  by zone.

5
IP routing tools

• Nslookup
• information, e.g. nslookup ltwebteachgt
• commands set option , e.g. domain, port(53).
• Viewing the route table
• netstat -rn or route print
• example in AL 200 and WEBTEACH
• note 0.0.0.0 is Internet connection
• Trace route
• tracert example in AL200 and WEBTEACH
• Cyberkit example in AL200