Citations

1
Citations

• Tell them where you got your info

2
Definitions

• Citations are your indication that you are using
  information that you got from another source
  (shows youre honest).
• There are in-text citations, and
  Bibliographies.

3
Styles

• There are MANY citation styles
• Most academic areas have their own style
• All have some things in common
• Author, date, title, document type, and
  publication info

4
Styles

• The two most common styles are MLA and APA
• MLA Modern Language Association
• APA American Psychological Association

5
Any style in-text

• There are exact quotations, and
  paraphrasing.
• Exact just that. Not a SINGLE thing has been
  changed
• Paraphrase you took their idea, and put it
  in your own words.

6
Any style Exact in-text

• Use quotation marks. x
• Be sure to have at beginning AND end.
• Punctuation (usually) goes inside the quotation
  marks.
• Put the cite at the end.

7
Any style Exact in-text

• You want to use -Puppies are cute

Punctuation
Parenthesis
Quotation Marks


(
)
.
Puppies are cute
Author,etc
Where did you get it? Need the cite
Lastly, end the sentence.
8
MLA in-text
Authors last name and page number (no comma)
Puppies are cute
(Smith 436).
9
MLA in-text
If you mention the author in the sentence -
Professor Jack Smith says, Puppies are cute
(238-39).
Just put the page numbers (you already listed the
author)
10
MLA - Text Stuff
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx (Smith
289) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
This quote is indented 10 spaces because it is
more than 4 lines long
Citation after the final punctuation, in
parenthesis
Text
11
MLA - Bibliography

• At the top of a new page, put Works Cited
• List in alphabetical order by authors last name
• 2nd line (or more) are indented 5 spaces.
• The entire list is double spaced

12
MLA - Bibliography

• Books by one author
• Titles are underlined, or italicized
• If no author, begin with the title
• City of publication (state if its small)

13
MLA - Bibliography

• Shortened form of publisher (Macmillan Publishing
  Company Macmillan)
• The year of publication

Walker, Alice. The Temple of My Familiar.
New York Harcourt, 1989.
14
MLA - Bibliography

• Revisable Internet/On-Line sources
• Provide author, title, electronic publication
  information, the date you viewed it, and the full
  URL
• If the URL goes to another line, break it after a
  slash

15
MLA - Bibliography

• Include the sites creator (if given), the title
  of the site (or a description, such as homepage
  if no title), and the name of any institution
  its affiliated with.

Smith, Jack. The One-Room School Homepage.
21 Mar. 2005 weeds/SchoolPages/welcome.html.
16
APA Exact in-text
Put authors last name and the year of
publication separated by a comma.
(Smith, 2003).
Puppies are cute
17
APA Exact in-text
If you mention the author in the sentence -
Professor Jack Smith says, Puppies are cute
(2003).
Just put the publication year (you already listed
the author)
18
APA Text stuff
Long quotes are introduced with a colon
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx.
(Smith, 2004)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
This quote is block indented 5 spaces because it
is over 40 words
Source in parenthesis outside final punctuation
Text
19
APA - Bibliography

• At the top of a new page, put References.
• List in alphabetical order by authors last name
• 2nd line (or more) are indented 5 spaces.
• The entire list is double spaced

20
APA - Bibliography

• If no author, use the first important word of the
  title.
• If more than one work by same author, list from
  oldest to newest
• If the same year, same author, arrange
  alphabetically by title add an a, b etc.

21
APA - Bibliography

• Books by one author
• Begin with authors last name, initials for first
  and middle names.
• Date of publication in parenthesis after the name
• Underline or italicize the title

22
APA - Bibliography

• Capitalize only the first word of titles, first
  words after colons, and proper names
• Only a city (unless small)
• Shortened form of publishers name

Markel, M.H. (2003). Technical writing
Situations and strategies (3rd ed.). New
York St. Martins.
23
APA - Bibliography

• Revisable internet/on-line sources
• Use the most recent revision date (if available).
  
• In square brackets after the title, identify the
  type of page on-line database, journal etc

24
APA - Bibliography

• For publication info put the date viewed, and
  the complete URL
• If URL goes to a second line, break after a slash
  or a period

25
APA - Bibliography

• Central Intelligence Agency. (1977) The World
• Factbook page on Mexico, Section People. In
• 1996 World Factbook On-line database.
• Retreived October 17, 1997, from the World
• Wide Web http//www.odci.gov/cia/publicatio
  ns/
• nsolo/factbook/mx-p.htm.