OCLC and FRBR: directions and research results

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OCLC and FRBR directions and research results

• Lorcan Dempseywith contributions from Diane
  Vizine-Goetz, Ed ONeill, Thom Hickeyand Eric
  Childress

Revolution or Evolution? The impact of FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records) Organized by the Australian Committee
on Cataloging. Melbourne Convention Centre, 2
February 2004
!
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Overview

• FRBR and OCLC
• OCLC research work
• OCLC production plans
• Some issues

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FRBR and OCLC

• Long standing interest in work-based approaches
• The Humphry Clinker problem
• Strong practical interest
• End-user presentation
• ILL
• Cataloging help find records
• Collection analysis
• Data enrichment

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OCLC Research and FRBR

• Mining the data
• Ed ONeill
• Algorithmically FRBRizing
• Thom Hickey
• Work-based prototypes
• Diane Vizine-Goetz
• Thom Hickey

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Mining the data

• Analyzing representations of a single work in
  detail.
• Tested OCLC Research conversion algorithm against
  1000 works.

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Types of Works

• Elemental Works have only a single manifestation
  (78 )
• Simple Works have only a single expression but
  multiple manifestations (16 )
• Complex Works have multiple expression (6 )

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Principal Types of Complex Works

• Translations
• Augmented
• Revised
• Collected/Selected

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Translations

• All translations are expressions
• Other types of complex works frequently include
  translations

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Typical Augmented Work
The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

• 48 Expressions
• 114 Manifestations
• Expressions created by augmentation with notes,
  introductions, illustrations, bibliographies,
  glossaries, etc.

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Typical Revised Work

• 1st and 2nd Editions are by John Phillip Immroth
• 3rd and 4th editions are by Lois Mai Chan and
  Immroths was added to the title

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Collected Works

• A collection of items each of which is a distinct
  intellectual or artistic creation a collection
  of works
• 50 of collected works explicitly list
  component works.

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And

• Expressions not clear.
• Bring out the differences that matter.
• Retrospective activity constrained by available
  bibliographic data.
• Empirical work will support ongoing clarification
  of the model (Working group on the expression
  entity)

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Algorithmically FRBRizing

• The OCLC Research work set algorithm

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Our Approach

• Concentrating on work-level
• Problems with expression-level clusters
• Efficient, maintainable, understandable
• Useful matches with correct cataloging
• Err on the side of missed matches
• Some accommodation of frequent variants (e.g.
  Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet)
• Compare with manually clustered
• Reliable at work level. Expression level not
  clear enough.

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The Algorithm

• A key is generated for each record
• Extract author, title
• Look up in NACO authority file
• Added entry information as needed
• Form a key from bibliographic record
• Author, title, added entry information
• These can be sorted, compared

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Results

• Manual estimate 1.5 manifestations/work in
  WorldCat
• Algorithm 1.27
• 25,000 clusters have gt20 records
• 415,000 clusters have gt4 records
• 30 records and 50 of holdings are in a cluster

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Work-based prototypes

• FictionFinderXISBN

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FictionFinder

• A prototype system of 2.6 million bibliographic
  records for fiction clustered according to the
  OCLC FRBR work set algorithm
• Uses the FRBR model to organize, index, and
  display bibliographic elements of potential
  interest to users

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Fiction Subset

• 2,665,662 WorldCat records (fiction indicator)
• 1,758,479 work clusters
• 1.5 records/cluster
• 3,866 clusters have 20 or more records
• 50,540 clusters have 5 or more records

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Most widely held fiction works
 
 
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FictionFinder FRBR

• Information that applies to all expressions of a
  given work, such as summaries, genre terms, and
  subjects given precedence in work/expression-level
  screen displays.
• Because of the difficulty of consistently
  identifying expressions, manifestations are
  organized by language of expression

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Work display
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Work/expression display
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FictionFinder FRBR

• Some characteristics of an expression, such as
  expression title, e.g.,
• Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone v.s
• Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone
• are presented at the Work/Expression level
• Other less clear-cut distinctions between
  expressions manifestations, such as Braille
  and electronic book versions are presented at
  both the Work/Expression level and the
  Manifestation level.

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Work/expression/manifestation display
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xISBN

• An experimental web service
• xISBN server receives a single ISBN and returns a
  list of all ISBNs for the work cluster
• Designed for machine-to-machine data exchange
• Can return list in XML or XHTML
• Supports automatic expansion of ISBN searches
• Check user ILL requests against all
  editions/versions in OPAC
• Use xISBN bookmarklet to find local librarys
  editions when user finds any edition of item on
  Amazon, etc.
• Quickly check OPAC for all editions/versions
  during selection/acquisitions/gift book processing

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xISBN
Eucalyptus / Murray Bail 1998 Melbourne Text
Pub. ISBN 1875847634
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8" ?gt -
ltidlistgt ltisbngt1875847634lt/isbngt
ltisbngt1860464947lt/isbngt ltisbngt1860464955lt/isbngt
ltisbngt963859313xlt/isbngt ltisbngt2221087615lt/i
sbngt ltisbngt9532060065lt/isbngt
ltisbngt9657120055lt/isbngt lt/idlistgt
Eucalyptus 1998 Melbourne Text Pub. Eucalyptus
1998 London Harvill Press Eucalyptus 1999
London Panther Eukaliptusz 1999 Budapest
Ulpius-ház Hungarian Eucalyptus 1999 Paris
R. Laffont French Eukaliptus 1999 Zagreb
Meandar Croatian Ekaliptus 2001 Tel Aviv
Hargol Hebrew
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Searching for the book on Amazon
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LibraryLookup bookmarklet
Is the book at my library?
http//www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/186046495
5/qid1075134526/sr1-1/refsr_1_10_1/202-6426661-
8213436
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xISBN bookmarklet
Is the book at my library?
xISBN
http//www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/186046495
5/qid1075134526/sr1-1/refsr_1_10_1/202-6426661-
8213436
ADDED
ADDED
ADDED
ADDED
ADDED
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OCLC production plans

• FRBR in FirstSearch (end-user searching)
• End 2004 as part of broader searching
  enhancement.
• Present users with view most relevent to them
  (work, manifestation, )
• FRBR and cataloging
• Interested in potential for FRBRization
  services
• Use FRBR as aid to finding cataloging copy
• FRBR view of cataloging yet to be discussed.

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Some issues

• Data. Variations in cataloging practice and
  errors or omissions in transcription and input
  lead to false clusters
• Systems. Support in library management and other
  systems.
• Agreement and shared practice. Theoretical
  discussion needs to be informed by practice. The
  detail!
• Communications format. How to share works etc.
  Different internal implementations.

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Further information
www.oclc.org/research
Projects Publications ResearchWorks
(soon) Software (algorithm)