C

1
C Project Cool

• Arthur Ketchel II
• Keith Francisco
• Chris McInnis

2
Language Paradigm

• Simple, Modern, General Purpose
• Structured, Imperative, Objected Oriented
• Designed for Software Component Development
• Not designed to compete with C on performance or
  size.
• JIT compiled

3
Historical Context

• C was developed by Microsoft.
• Lead Architect Anders Hejlsberg
• Worked on other languages, such as Delphi
• Codename of C was Project Cool
• Microsoft denies this but there is evidence to
  prove otherwise in code snippets and file paths.
• The language received its name from music, as a
  sharp () is a semi-tone above the base note.

4
Cs Origin

• Before creating C, Microsoft implemented a
  modified Java environment, called J.
• Microsoft was said to have added features in a
  manner that violated platform neutrality,
  violating a license agreement that Microsoft
  signed with Sun Microsystems in return for using
  the Java brand.
• Sun Microsystems sued and won, preventing
  Microsoft from using the Java brand and thus
  further production of J. With the release of
  the .NET framework (and C), the project was
  revived in the form of J.
• During the development, C was driven by CLR or
  Common Language Runtime.
• At compile-time, a .NET compiler converts such
  code into CIL code. At runtime, the CLR's
  just-in-time compiler converts the CIL code into
  code native to the operating system

5
C and Java

• Both languages are Objected Oriented, Garbage
  Collected and run-time compiled (JIT).
• In Java, wrapper classes must be used for
  primitive types in order to translate between
  their primitive data and object forms.
• Java Integer.toString(42)
• C 42.toString()
• Unlike Java, C allows conditional compilation
  using preprocessor directives.
• C only supports unchecked exceptions, which do
  not require the programmer to declare and catch
  all exceptions thrown by a method.

6
The C Language Family

• Comparison of C to C and C
• C has no global variables or functions. All
  methods and members must be declared within
  classes.
• In C, local variables cannot shadow variables of
  the enclosing block, unlike C and C.
• C supports a strict boolean type, bool, and does
  not allow conversion between an integer meaning
  bool (0, false 1, true)
• In C, multiple inheritance is not supported,
  although a class can implement any number of
  interfaces.
• Accessors called properties can be used to modify
  an object with syntax that resembles C member
  field access (get and set).
• C has a unified type system. This means that all
  types, including primitives such as integers, are
  subclasses of the System.Object class. For
  example, every type inherits a ToString() method.
  (42.ToString() calls the ToString() method of an
  integer)

7
C Language Concepts

• Object Oriented
• Everything from data types to classes inherit
  from a base Object class
• No global variables or methods, everything is
  encased within classes.

8
C Language Concepts

• Memory Management 
• Memory cannot be explicitly freed.
• Memory is managed by the garbage collector.
• Garbage collector protects against memory leaks.
• Pointers can only be used within unsafe code
  blocks.

9
C Interesting Concepts

• You may use foreach on lists as well as for
  loops.
• Properties can expose member variables much like
  get and set methods.
• partial classes help break down large class files.

10
Future Concepts (C v3.0)

• Language Integrated Query will allow for queries
  on SQL, XML, collections, and more (from, where,
  select)
• Automatic properties will decrease code length.

11
Code Sample (factorial recursion)
12
Code Sample (factorial foreach)
13
Code Sample (factorial for)