Map Colors

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Map Colors
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Black -
cultural man made features (bldgs, roads,
elevations, all labels)
Blue -
hydrography or water features (stream, river,
lake, swamp, etc)
Green -
vegetation w/ military significance (woods,
orchards, vineyards, etc)
Red /Brown -
combined to ID cultural features, all relief
features, elevation, and contour lines (used on
newer red light readable maps)
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Major Terrain Features
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Hill
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Saddle
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Valley
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Ridge
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Depression
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Minor Terrain Features
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Draw
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Spur
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Cliff
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Supplementary Terrain Features
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Cut Fill
CUT
FILL
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Military Grid Reference System
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1000 Meter Grid Square
VGT 20A
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VGT 21
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1000 Meters
1000 Meters
VGT 21
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4 Digit Grid within 1000m
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FT0390
90
03
04
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Placement of Coordinate Scale on a Grid
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6 Digit Grid within 100 m
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100 Meters
8
7
6
FT035906
5
4
3
2
1
90
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
03
04
03 5
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6 Digit Grid within 100 m
91
9
100 Meters
8
7
6
FT035906
5
4
3
90 6
2
1
90
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
03
04
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8 Digit Grid within 10 m
91
9
100 Meters
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
90
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
03
04
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8 Digit Grid within 10 m
3
2
1
90
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
03
04
FT 0355----
5
6
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
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8 Digit Grid within 10 m
91
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
90
4
5
6
7
8
9
04
FT 03559027
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Practical Exercise
(150,000 scale Tenino map)
1) Find an 8 digit grid for Crawford Mountain
Lookout Tower (vic EG 1887). Answer
EG 18058758
2) Find an 8 digit grid for the Zion Chapel (vic
EH 1102). Answer
EH 11300291
3) What structure is located at EH 06900250?
Answer
Abandoned Machine Gun Bunker
4) What structure is located at EG 10549310?
Answer
Railroad Bridge
5) What is the terrain/vegetation like vicinity
of EG 083955? Answer
Marsh / swamp
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Measuring Distance
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Contour Lines
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Graphic Scale
Statute Miles
Kilometers
Nautical Miles
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Straight Line Distance
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Curved Line Distance
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Curved Line Distance
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Practical Exercise Horizontal Distance
1) What is the straight line distance (in
meters) between the Olympia Municipal Airport
Beacon (EH 07780249) and the horizontal control
station located at EG 05489809? Answer
4,970 m
2) What is the straight line distance (in
meters) between the chimney located at EG
10957786 and the water tower located at EG
09948210? Answer
4,360 m
3) What is the straight line distance (in
meters) between Violet Prairie Church (vic EG
0687) and the water tower located vic EG 1088?
Answer
4,390 m
4) What is the road distance in meters from EG
10759700 to EH 08950100? Answer
5,150 m (approx)
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Practical Exercise Vertical Distance
1) What is the vertical height (in meters) at EG
12758880? Answer
120 m
2) What is the change in vertical distance from
EG 14908436 to EG 14758585? Answer
220 m (360m 140m)
3) What is the estimated maximum elevation of
the hilltop located at EG 171844?
Answer
310 m
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Grid Azimuth
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VGT 28
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VGT 23
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B
A
VGT 30
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B
A
VGT 31
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Practical Exercise
1) What is the back azimuth of 71 degrees?
Answer
251 degrees
2) What is the back azimuth of 287 degrees?
Answer
107 degrees
3) What is the Grid Azimuth from the TV Relay
Tower (EG 12568775) and the water tower near
Forest Cemetary (EG 11508558)? Answer
206 degrees
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Your Magnetic Compass
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VGT 43
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VGT 44
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Compass to Cheek Method
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Centerhold Method
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Angle Conversion
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THREE NORTH'S
G N
N
TRUE NORTH
MAGNETIC NORTH
GRID NORTH
VGT 32
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VGT 33
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Easterly Rules
MN
X GM Angle
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Westerly Rules
MN
X GM Angle
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Practical Exercise
Convert the following from grid azimuth to
magnetic azimuth. 1) Grid Az 131, G-M Angle
13 east, Mag Az 2) Grid Az 299, G-M
Angle 11 west, Mag Az 3) Grid Az 035,
G-M Angle 04 west, Mag Az
118 degrees mag
310 degrees mag
039 degrees mag
Convert the following from magnetic azimuth to
grid azimuth. 1) Mag Az 008, G-M Angle 09
east, Grid Az 2) Mag Az 213, G-M Angle
18 east, Grid Az 3) Mag Az 077, G-M Angle
21 west, Grid Az
017 degrees grid
231 degrees grid
056 degrees grid
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Slope
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Percent Slope
slope Vertical Distance (VD) x 100
Horizontal Distance (HD)
VD Elevation at b Elevation at a
b
HD Straight line distance between a b
VD
a
HD
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Degree Slope
Degree slope Vertical Distance (VD) x 57.3
Horizontal Distance (HD)
VD Elevation at b Elevation at a
b
HD Straight line distance between a b
VD
a
HD
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Intersection
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Intersection
We have two OPs located in front of our defensive
position. Both OPs can see enemy activity. From
OP1, the enemy activity is 32-degrees magnetic
and from OP2, it is 322 degrees magnetic. The
G-M angle is 18-degrees easterly.   The magnetic
azimuth from OP1 is 32 degrees. Convert this to
a grid azimuth by adding the 18-degree G-M angle.
The grid azimuth would be 50 degrees. Using the
protractor, plot this azimuth on the
map.   Convert the 322-degree magnetic azimuth to
a grid azimuth. the grid azimuth is 340 degrees.
Using the protractor, plot this azimuth. The
enemy is located where the line cross.
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• Step 1
• Identify / plot OPs or
• points of reference

• Step 2
• Convert azimuth from
• magnetic to grid
• G-M Angle 18 east
• OP1 032 magnetic
• 03218 050 grid
• OP2 322 magnetic
• 32218 140 grid

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• Step 3
• Plot first azimuth
• (050 degrees grid)

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• Step 3
• Plot first azimuth
• (050 degrees grid)

• Step 4
• Plot second azimuth
• (240 degrees grid)

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Bad Guys

• Step 3
• Plot first azimuth
• (050 degrees grid)

• Step 4
• Plot second azimuth
• (240 degrees grid)

• Step 5
• Plot intersection

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Bye Bye

• Step 3
• Plot first azimuth
• (050 degrees grid)

• Step 4
• Plot second azimuth
• (240 degrees grid)

• Step 5
• Plot intersection

• Step 6
• Kill Bad Guys

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Resection
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Resection
Looking out from our position we can see a
bridge. We determine the magnetic azimuth to its
location to be 159 degrees. For the purpose of
this problem, assume that there is a 1-degree
westerly G-M angle. Convert from magnetic giving
you a grid azimuth of 158 degrees. Next, we
must convert this grid azimuth to a BACK azimuth
by ADDING 180 degrees and plot the back azimuth
of 338 degrees from the bridge. Our location is
somewhere along this line. From our location, we
can also see a larger road intersection. the
road intersection is on a magnetic azimuth of 117
degrees. The grid azimuth is 116 degrees. Back
Azimuth of 296 degrees g. The back azimuth of
296 degrees is plotted from the road
intersection. Your location is where the lines
cross.
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• Step 1
• Identify / plot OPs or
• points of reference

• Step 2
• Convert azimuth from
• magnetic to grid
• G-M Angle 01 west
• Bridge 159 magnetic
• 159 - 1 158 grid
• Road Int 117 magnetic
• 117 - 1 116 grid

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• Step 3
• Convert azimuth to back
• azimuth
• G-M Angle 01 west
• Bridge 158 grid from you
• Back Az 158 180 338
• Road Int 116 grid from you
• Back Az 116 180 296

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• Step 4
• Plot first back azimuth
• from landmark (bridge)

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• Step 4
• Plot first back azimuth
• from landmark (bridge)

• Step 5
• Plot second back
• azimuth from landmark
• (road intersection)

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• Step 4
• Plot first back azimuth
• from landmark (bridge)

X

• Step 5
• Plot second back
• azimuth from landmark
• (road intersection)

• Step 6
• Plot your position

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• Step 4
• Plot first back azimuth
• from landmark (bridge)

X

• Step 5
• Plot second back
• azimuth from landmark
• (road intersection)

• Step 6
• Plot your position

• Step 7
• Move out to chow

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Modified Resection
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Modified Resection
Looking out from our position along Steam Mill
Road, we can see the top of Hill 445 to our NW.
We determine the magnetic azimuth to its location
to be 299 degrees. For the purpose of this
problem, assume that there is a 18-degree
easterly G-M angle. Convert from magnetic
giving you a grid azimuth of 317 degrees. Convert
and plot the back azimuth of 137 degrees. Our
location along Steam Mill Road is where this line
crosses the road.
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• Step 1
• Identify / plot OPs or
• points of reference

• Step 2
• Convert azimuth from
• magnetic to grid
• G-M Angle 18 east
• OP1 299 magnetic
• 29918 317 grid

• Step 3
• Convert azimuth to back
• azimuth
• Hill 445 317 grid from you
• Back Az 317 - 180 137

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• Step 4
• Plot back azimuth
• from landmark (Hill 445)

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• Step 4
• Plot back azimuth
• from landmark (Hill 445)

• Step 5
• Plot your position where
• the line intersects the
• road you are on

X

• Step 6
• Drive on airborne,
• START WALKING!!

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Practical Exercise - Intersection
Solve the following problem by intersection. You
receive radio calls from both OP1 and OP2. Each
report enemy activity to their south. Both
report approx 5 dismounted troops and one
vehicle. You believe they are looking at the
same enemy unit. If you can determine their
location, you can destroy them with artillery
fires. OP1, located atop Hill 210 vic EG1290,
reports the enemy to be at 100 degrees magnetic
from his location. OP2, located atop Hill 222
vic EG1690, reports the enemy to be at 168
degrees magnetic from his location. What is the
8 digit grid to the enemy? Answer -
EG16238850
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Questions?
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Easterly Rules
Magnetic to Grid (M G) Add
000 G
009 G or 000 M
Example
Mag Az 216 GM Angle 9 east
9
9
216 mag 9 225 grid
216 M
225 G
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Easterly Rules
Grid to Magnetic (G M) Subtract
000 G
017 G or 000 M
Example
026 G or 009 M
Grid Az 026 GM Angle 17 east
026 grid - 17 9 grid
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9
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Westerly Rules
Magnetic to Grid (M G) Subtract
000 G
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286 M or 269 G
Example
Mag Az 286 GM Angle 17 west
286 mag - 17 269 grid
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Westerly Rules
Grid to Magnetic (G M) Add
000 G
Example
Grid Az 112 GM Angle 12 west
12
112 grid 12 124 mag
112 G or 124 M
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Terrain Features
1)_____________
3)_____________
5)_____________
7)_____________
9)_____________
2)_____________
4)_____________
6)_____________
8)_____________
10)_____________
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Terrain Features