Gender Consideration in Ethnobotany Research

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Gender Consideration in Ethno-botany Research

• Dr. Charles Sokile
• VicRes

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Key concepts-Sex vs. Gender

• Sex is the biological difference between men and
  women
• Sexual differences are the same throughout the
  human race
• Socially given roles and responsibilities
• Social attributes given because one is male or
  female
• Gender roles and responsibilities differ from
  culture to culture
• Gender roles change over time

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Gender Equity and Equality

• Gender Equity is a term borrowed form economics
  which means that a given person or group benefits
  from an activity to the extent that they invest
  resources. Equity is a means to equality.
• Gender Equality refers to when women and men have
  equal opportunity for participation in and
  benefits from a given situation

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Gendered stakeholders analysis

• All those (individuals and / or groups) who stand
  to gain or lose given a particular development
  activity, program of policy. They can be women,
  men, communities, social groups, or institutions
  from any level of system
• Primary, secondary, tertiary stakeholders

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Mainstreaming Gender in Research

• Gender Integration usually refers to
  incorporating gender factors in discrete parts of
  programs programs.
• ii. Gender Mainstreaming is more holistic,
  implying an entirely new way of doing business
  for an organization in other words,
  mainstreaming a gender perspective from the top
  to the bottom-

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Mainstreaming gender

• Mainstreaming gender means that the legitimacy of
  gender equality as a fundamental value is
  reflected in development choices and instrumental
  practices
• Gender issues are not reflected not just as
  womens issues but societal
• Gender equality goals influence mainstream
  economic and social policies that deliver major
  resources
• Gender equality is pursued from the center rather
  than from the margins

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Mainstreaming Gender in Project cycle
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Gender Analysis

• Gender analysis is part of a wider diversity
  analysis. Diversity analysis refers to how people
  of different class, race, gender, ethnicity, age,
  HIV/AIDS status and sex orientation interact.
• Gender analysis helps to identify

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Gender analysis encompasses

• examining the differences in the lives of men and
  women
• identify causes of problems and gender imbalances
• Ensuring that planned projects address needs of
  men and women
• Generates sex disaggregated data

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Levels of analysis- data

• Division of labor Who does what tasks
• Access and Control Profile Who has access to
  resources and benefits
• Influencing Factors e.g. culture, politics, etc

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Analysis by Division of Labor Project Level
Analysis

• Activity Profile understanding the tasks of men
  and women in project area
• Direct project activities and skills to those
  performing activities and
• Avoid overburdening those already doing too much,
  or recommending such interventions

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Division of Labor Reproductive Activities

• Activities that are for care and maintenance of
  the family that include Child care, food
  preparation, care for the sick, cooking etc
• Productive activities
• Activities that include, working in the farm,
  marketing of goods etc

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Factors influencing gender relations
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Models for Mainstreaming Gender in Ethno
botanical Research

• CRIB Model
• Harvard Analytical Framework
• The Moser Framework
• The GAM Gender Analysis Framework
• Social Relations Approach.

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Other gender analysis framework

• Harvard Analytical Framework. Analysis of
  productive and reproductive gender roles and
  activities, including such influencing factors as
  culture.
• The Moser Framework. Analysis of roles within the
  context of relations between men and women,
  focused on womens triple roles (productive,
  reproductive, community).
• The GAM Gender Analysis Framework. Participatory
  community analysis of roles, including labor and
  culture.
• Social Relations Approach. Analysis of gender
  inequities in responsibilities and activities and
  how these play out through rules in different
  institutions.

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The Gender Equality Scale (GES)
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Effects of your research

• IMPROVES Does the project help improve the
  relative status, power relationships, and gender
  equality of men and women?
• ACCOMMODATES Does the project accommodate the
  existing status quo of gender inequality, while
  improving the situation for one sex?
• HARMS Does the project actually harm the
  existing relative status and power relationships,
  either in the short- or long-term?

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Ask yourself, does the project

• Improves Gender Equality These projects
  actually change the underlying cultural status or
  power relationships between the sexes-- directly
  attacking the underlying gender inequality.
• Accommodates the Status Quo, While Helping One
  Sex Sometimes gender inequality in the culture
  is so imbedded that a project cannot transform
  all inequalities but can only minimize them. In
  this case, we try to do no harm, but we help one
  sex or the other without changing the unequal
  status or confining stereotypical roles for the
  other sex.
• Worsens Gender Inequality These projectseither
  in their design or implementation or
  resultsactually make gender inequalities worse
  for one sex. Sometimes it may not be apparent on
  the surface. Thats why asking the right
  questions and digging below the surface is
  important.