Announcements

1
Announcements

• WRITE DOWN
• a.)  Name      b.) Major      c.) Class d.)  Why
  you decided to take METEO3 
• e.)  anything you're particularly looking forward
  to learning about
• E-mail etiquette

2
Survey Results

• All different classes and majors, surprise suprise

3
Survey Results

• Why you decided to take METEO3 
• GenEd requirement
• Working in a TV station
• Interest in the weather
• Better conversation
• Pilots license
• Trying to decide on a major
• Heard it was a good/awesome/easy class
• Like science, but not good at math
• Its not (science field) because I hate that one
• Love watching the Weather Channel/Weather
  World

4
Survey Results

• Interested in Learning 
• Do a little forecasting of your own
• (golf courses/aviation/hunting/forest fires)
• Understand weather on the news Weather Maps
• Weather instruments
• Wind Severe Weather Hurricanes Blizzards
• How forecasting is done
• Weather, but I hate it here, this crappy weather
• A little of everything, nothing in particular
• Gulf Stream
• Global warming and its impact on
• hurricane frequency/intensity Katrina
• Raining frogs Bozawater (sp?)

5
Forecasting

• Whats the simplest forecast you can make?
• Looking at the current radar to see if your BBQ
  will be rained out

6
Assessment

• Labs will drop lowest assignments grade
• Exams
• Majority of material from lectures/labs
• Small amount of material from book
• Minute Papers

7
Minute Papers

• 20 papers, i.e. couple of sentences to answer a
  question given in class
• I will grade 1/5 of the classes answers to each
  set of papers - 4 papers graded each
• 1 other grade received for giving me my
  midsemester assessment
• Lowest grade of the set dropped
• If you are unlucky in which assignments are
  graded, contact me!

8
El Nino forms, will last until 2007

• Warming of ocean waters off W. Coast of South
  America
• Can supress hurricane activity in Atlantic
• Could mean milder winter weather in the Northeast

9
9/19/06

• Significant Figures
• Todays Weather Cold Front Passage
• yesterday's national radar composite loop
• Rain this morning

10
Question

• Given these two cities average temperatures for
  the four months of January, April, July and
  October, which data is for Caracas, Venezula
  (latitude 11 N) and New York City (latitude 41
  N)? How can you tell?

11
9/21/06

• Radiation dependent weather last night
• Today's US Weather

12
9/26/06

• Little about scheduling
• Anything interesting with the weather?

13
Previous Question
On a wintry night at 3 am, the temperature in
Philadelphia is -15 C, while the temperature in
Wilmington, DE is -5 C. Take both cities to be
at sea level. Give one potential explanation for
the temperature difference at this time.
14
(No Transcript)
15
9/28/06

• Anything interesting with the weather?
• Current Weather
• SEEQ (Student Evaluation of Educational Quality)

16
Previous Question

• Explain why evaporation is a cooling process.

• Energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds
  between liquid water molecules, making gaseous
  water molecules (i.e. evaporation). When this
  occurs in the atmosphere, this energy comes from
  surrounding air molecules that collide with
  liquid water molecules, imparting their kinetic
  energy to the water molecules. The kinetic
  energy of the air molecules in the surrounding
  environment is thereby decreased, lowering the
  environmental temperature.

17
Todays Question

• By trying to create a cloud in a bottle, we
  simulated one common way that air is cooled and
  clouds form. What mechanism is that, and how
  does it work?
• Answer
• COOLING VIA LIFTING! Check your notes!

18
10/5/06

• SEEQ, my evaluation, due October 8th!
• Anybody see this Sunday around 6pm?

19
Testing Information

• Test will be IN CLASS
• 40 multiple-choice questions on scanned forms, 50
  minutes!
• Bring 2 pencils and yourself
• SIMPLE MATH (i.e. 20/2 ?), so calculators not
  necessary4 function OK, but NO CELL PHONES!!!!!!
• Sit alternate rows, checkboard pattern
• Multiple forms of the test

20
Test information
21
10/12/06

• Tests
• My assessment back
• To get to the good stuff, were going to try to
  speed up some

22
Tests

• Mean of 67, standard deviation of 12
• Did successfully separate students
• Some poor questions/bad questions
• Survey course not enough time in lecture to
  cover all the subjects
• Do missed lab assignments
• READ
• Review your notes after class!

23
10/17/06

• Current weather Storms in Texas/Louisiana
• Turn Around Don't Drown
• Chance for an extra point on your final grade
  fill out the sheet at the front of the class
  (honestly and thoughtfully) to return Thursday!

24
10/17/06

• My assessment back
• Most everything came out Good
• Lectures clear, well explained (I talk fast)
• Pace is about right, average difficulty
• Class discussions/participation hard to do
• Hours per week outside of class
• Random pictures break up monotony
• Labs more explanation before assignment?
• Powerpoints

25

• Powerpoint, writing stuff on the board that is
  important (side comment vs. imporant comment)
• Lecture-style classesthink of ways to get
  discussion/interaction in?
• Current weather topics interesting
• Minute papers purpose and grading
• Get a laser pointer, dont use the mouse

26
Previous Question of the Day
In our experiment, what force caused the can to
collapse? In the atmosphere, what direction does
this force act (from what to what)?
Pressure Gradient Force acts from RELATIVELY
higher pressure to RELATIVELY lower pressure Why
write more? Why not just answer the question?
27
10/19/06

• Final Exam
• Tuesday Dec. 19th, 1220 210 PM
• 105 Forum

28
Previous Question of the Day

• If we neglect the effect of friction on movement
  of air in the atmosphere, the wind is balanced by
  two forces. What are those forces, and what do
  we call this wind?
• The wind is balanced by the pressure gradient
  force (PGF) and the Coriolis force when friction
  is neglected. We call this wind the geostrophic
  wind.

29
10/24/06

• Final Exam conflicts? Tuesday Dec. 19th, 1220
  210 PM 105 Forum
• Grades
• 500 mb height forecast
• About geostrophic wind (idealized)
• Next few weeksstability/clouds, then
  thunderstorms, skipping general circulation, then
  hurricanes!

30
Previous Question of the Day

• Why do we plot data on constant pressure surfaces
  instead of constant height surfaces? (two brief
  reasons)
• Complicated mathematical equations simplify
• Pressure measured directly and easily, where
  elevation is not
• How do you get heights though? Inferred from
  pressure

31
10/26/06

• 500 mb height forecast compare to current local
  weather forecast?

32
Previous Question of the Day

• In the atmosphere, what does the concept of
  stability allow us to determine with respect to
  cloud formation?
• The concept of stability gives us a way to
  determine potential vertical motion of air and
  hence we are better able to
• determine whether clouds are likely to form
• and how high up and how deep they might be!

33
Happy Halloween!

• Partial Study Guide online
• Windy weather this weekend!

34
Surface Pressure Sat Night
35
Mea Culpa

• How would the winds blow with respect to height
  lines on a constant pressure surface if the Earth
  did not rotate?
• You all got points for this in your labs

36
Previous Question of the Day

• If cirrostratus clouds at a location lower and
  thicken into altostratus clouds, why does that
  indicate precipitation may be on the way?
• Cloud decks lowering and thickening can be a sign
  of an approaching warm front. Nimbostratus
  clouds could then be following the altrostratus
  deck, bringing precipitation.

37
November 1, 2006

• Pick-up test outline in addition to your paper!
• Test next Thursday
• Review session next Tuesday

38
Minute Papers

• Everyone has two papers graded, plus SEEQ
• 8 more classes (not counting reviews/tests)
• There will be 5 more papers handed out, giving
  each person 4 real grades in the set
• Last grade will be attendance percentage ( of
  papers you hand me/ we did)
• Still drop one grade of the set of 5 total
• Should be a positive impact on everyones grade!

39
Question of the Day

• In the Bergeron Process, why do ice crystals grow
  at the expense of liquid water drops? Think in
  terms of equilibrium vapor pressures.
• Because the equilibrium vapor pressure over ice
  is less than the equilibrium vapor pressure over
  water at the same sub-freezing temperature, net
  deposition over ice nuclei occurs at temperatures
  where net condensation on cloud condensation
  nuclei doesnt (saturation reached over ice and
  not water)

40
Lightning Safety Survey

• Work with 3-4 people around you
• Use PENS! Write names of group in top right
  corner
• Decide whether the statement is true or not, then
  write fact or fiction under each statement,
  NOTHING ELSE!

41
11/7/06

• Pick up your old minute papers
• Stratiform clouds today
• Army call up is no joke
• Other things you can't throw in a fire

42
Testing Information

• Test will be IN CLASS
• 40 multiple-choice questions on scanned forms, 50
  minutes!
• Bring 2 pencils and yourself
• SIMPLE MATH (i.e. 20/2 ?), so calculators not
  necessary4 function OK
• but NO CELL PHONES!!!!!!
• Sit alternate rows, checkboard pattern
• Multiple forms of the test

43
Test information

• No calculators necessary (4 function OK)
• Sit alternate rows, checkboard pattern
• Write name, course name METEO 3 (section ) my
  name
• Enter your ID AND Section AND Mark the
  appropriate blocks under then!
• Mark your test version
• Regardless of the test form, there are two
  figures at the back of your test. Feel free to
  rip them out of the staple for ease of use.

44
Test information
A
B
C
45
November 14, 2006

• Test average higher than previous test
• Quite good on interpreting the maps
• More difficulty with stability/lapse rates
• A few questions where reading the question was
  key (half the class got these wrong)
• A few questions I threw out (again)
• Figuring out what you didnt understand and
  learning it would be very educational, contact me
  if you want help doing that

46
November 16, 2006

• Nasty weather outside, worse weather down south
• Tornado kills 5 in NC
• E-mail

47
Previous Question of the Day

• Name/describe two conditions necessary for a
  tropical cyclone to form.
• Any of the 6 statements on Recipe for Hurricane
  Formation slide work!
• Careful with subsidences role in hurricanes!

48
November 28, 2006

• Nasty weather outside, worse weather down south

49
Previous Question of the Day

• What two forces balance in the eyewall, and in
  what direction does each force act with respect
  to the eyewall?
• The pressure gradient force (PGF) and the
  centrifugal force balance in the eyewall, as the
  PGF acts inwards toward the eye and the
  centrifugal force acts outwards from the eye.

50
November 30, 2006

• Enjoy the warmish weather for now, next week
  could be colder
• And for the Rest of the Century's Weather...

51

• Four more classes to go!
• Severe thunderstorms/Tornadoes next week
• Winter weather and wrap-up the course following
  week
• Final exam Dec. 19th 1220-210pm 105 Forum
• SRTEs/Exam review in last week of lab

52
Previous Question of the Day

• On the Saffir-Simpson scale, measurement of what
  quantity determines the category a hurricane is
  put into?
• Wind speed (maximum sustained wind speed to be
  exact)

53
December 7, 2006
54
Previous Question of the Day

• What severe weather phenomena were seen
• a) last Friday near Harrisburg, PA
• - squall line or tornado (near Halifax) both
  acceptable answers
• b) in July in the St. Louis area?
• - derecho

55
December 12, 2006

• Get your minute papers and a final exam outline
• Grade reports
• Will be no DIRECT questions on the material
  covered on the previous two tests
• But if you dont know it, youll have had trouble
  with that last third of the class
• Chapter 14/15 stuff on the test, for Chapter 16
  scant questions

56
Previous Question of the Day

• In the Northern Hemisphere, is there a preferred
  direction of rotation for tornadoes, and if so
  what is it? What about dust devils?
• Answer Tornadoes preferentially rotate
  counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere
  because they are embedded inside larger storms
  that rotate that direction. Dust devils have so
  such preference in direction of rotation.