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Software Architecture A Roadmap

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Title: Software Architecture A Roadmap


1
Software Architecture - A Roadmap
  • Author - David Garlan, CMU
  • Presented By - Apurva Jain

2
Agenda
  • Roles of Software Architecture
  • - The 6 aspects
  • The past
  • - The 2 trends
  • The present
  • - ADLs tools, product lines standards,
    codification dissemination
  • Supposed future
  • - Build vs. buy, network-centric computing,
    pervasive computing
  • Conclusion

3
Where does SW-Eng belong?
4
Roles of s/w architecture
  • Describes a systems gross structure
  • that illuminates top level design decisions
  • illustrates the system composition, ways of
    interaction and the properties of system parts
  • helps in high level analysis, critical appraisal

5
The six aspects
  • System understanding
  • Abstraction
  • Visibility of constraints and underlying
    architectural choices
  • Reuse
  • Reuse of component libraries and frameworks
  • Construction
  • - Acts as a blue prints, highlights components
    and their dependencies (Phillipes 41 model)

6
Phillipes 41 view model
7
The six aspects
  • Evolution
  • Identifies the load-bearing walls
  • Separation of concerns help in evolution
  • Analysis
  • Enables consistency checking, conformance to
    constraints and QoS, dependence analysis
  • Management
  • - Helps in understanding requirements, choice of
    implementation strategies and identifying
    potential risks

8
Antecedents of s/w architecture
Courtesy David Garlan
9
The past
  • An ad-hoc affair
  • Informal box-and-line diagrams
  • What the architecture giveth, implementation can
    taketh away
  • Diverse, uncodified use of architectural patterns
    and styles
  • Architects had to learn it the hard way
  • Two trends which highlighted the importance of
    s/w architecture

10
The past the two trends
  • Shared set of methods, techniques, patterns etc.
  • Use of metaphors such as pipeline, blackboard.
  • Significant semantic content which reasoned about
    their paradigms, evolution, relationships and
    concerns
  • Exploiting commonalities within specific domains
    to reuse frameworks
  • - Some examples are 4GLs, UI toolkits

11
The present
  • Recognition of s/w architecture as a sub-field
  • - Organizations now have software architects who
    chair the architecture review boards
  • Example Bill Gates, CSA, Microsoft Corp.
  • - Processes that require architectural design
    reviews and explicit architectural documentation
  • - Emerging use of product line architectures,
    commercial architectural standards, component
    integration frameworks
  • - Codification of vocabulary, notations tools
    for architectural design
  • - Books/courses on software architecture

12
Three significant advancements
  • ADLs
  • - Need Formal analysis for consistency,
    completeness or correctness, enforcing
    architectural constrains with system evolution
  • ADLs provide a framework and a syntax for
    characterizing s/w architectures
  • Examples C2, Meta-H, Aesop, Wright etc.
  • Different ADLs provide distinct capabilities
    researchers are also working on an architecture
    interchange language called ACME

13
Three significant advancements (continued)
  • Product Lines Standards
  • Exploiting commonality across products
  • Creating product lines within an organization
  • Cross-vendor integration standards

14
Three significant advancements (continued)
  • Codification Dissemination
  • Emergence of architectural styles
  • Styles provide a design vocabulary and the
    assumptions and constraints on the use of the
    vocabulary
  • Styles give software architects a good starting
    point
  • Example If its a data flow application, my
    intuition will suggest me that I use a pipe and
    filter style.

15
The future
  • Current trends have a daunting effect on the way
    software architecture will shape up for tomorrow
  • - Build vs. Buy
  • Time to market has become an important criteria
    in decision-making hence many tend to buy COTS
  • Integrating in-house components with vendors
    components is a nightmare
  • Most engineers nowadays only write glue-code
  • Need for industry wide standards such as EJB, HLA

16
The future (continued)
  • - Network-centric computing
  • Institutions and their respective designers do
    not have control over the system, knowledge of
    the operating environment, and availability of
    resources and services which are sporadic
  • Such systems demand new architectures which can
    scale up to the size and variability to that of
    the internet for example
  • Challenge is to manage dynamically evolving
    components which need to analyzed and managed at
    run-time
  • Need for architectures which give the flexibility
    to end users to compose their own systems with
    some guarantee on integration and overall
    performance.

17
The future (continued)
  • Pervasive computing
  • Poses a challenge to identify architectures that
    allows modifying the fidelity of computation
    based on power reserves
  • The pervasive environment is one where devices
    come and go and therefore the need to dynamically
    reconfigure in real time.
  • Theres also the need for architectures that will
    support user mobility in the face of changing
    environments.

18
Conclusion
  • Good analysis of s/w architecture timeline
  • Speculated future work then is showing up in
    todays conferences
  • Concerns raised for developing pervasive systems
    overlap with what we have been discussing in
    class
  • Devils normally reside in the details and this is
    a roadmap paper pretty abstract
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