INTERDISCIPLINARY

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
INTERDISCIPLINARY ECOLOGY CHEMISTRY ECONOMICS POLI
TICS GEOLOGY SYSTEMS
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1-1 LIVING SUSTAINABLY
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LIVING SUSTAINABLY

• SOLAR CAPITAL - PROVIDES 99OF OUR ENERGY WE USE
  ON EARTH.
• EARTH CAPITAL - LIFE-SUPPORT AND ECONOMIC
  SERVICES.
• SUSTAINABILITY - IS THE ABILITY OF A SPECIFIED
  SYSTEM TO SURVIVE AND FUNCTION OVER A SPECIFIED
  TIME.

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SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE HARVEST

• SUPPLY OF RESOURCES THAT CAN BE HARVESTED EACH
  YEAR.

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SUSTAINABLE EARTH

• EARTH CAPITAL ARE USED AND MAINTAINED OVER TIME.

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SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY

• MANAGES ITS ECONOMY AND POPULATION SIZE WITHOUT
  EXCEEDING ALL OR PART OF THE PLANETS ABILITY TO
  ABSORB ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS, REPLENISH ITS
  RESOURCES, AND SUSTAIN HUMAN AND OTHER FORMS OF
  LIFE OVER A SPECIFIED PERIOD. HUNDREDS OF
  YEARS.

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CARRYING CAPACITY

• DEFINED AS THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ORGANISMS A
  LOCAL,REGIONAL,OR GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CAN SUPPORT
  OVER A SPECIFIED PERIOD.

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CARRYING CAPACITY

• VARIES BY LOCATION
• GLOBAL CHANGES
• TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY USES TO EXTRACT AND PROCESS
  THE RESOURCES

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ARE WE LIVING OFF THE INTEREST OR THE PRINCIPAL?
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1-2GROWTH AND THE WEALTH GAP
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LINEAR POPULATION GROWTH

• IS A QUANTITY THAT INCREASES AT A CONSTANT AMOUNT
  PER UNIT OF TIME.
• IF PLOTTED ON A GRAPH IT WOULD BE A STRAIGHT LINE.

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EXPONENTIAL GROWTH

• IS WHERE THE QUANTITY INCREASES BY A FIXED
  PERCENTAGE OF THE WHOLE IN A GIVEN TIME AS EACH
  INCREASE IS APPLIED TO THE BASE FOR FURTHER
  GROWTH.
• IS J SHAPED.
• DOUBLING TIME - THE RULE OF 70.
• 70/ OF GROWTH RATE DOUBLING TIME IN YEARS.
• k (1/t)ln(N/N0)
• t (1/k)ln(N/N0)

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DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

• LOW INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PER CAPITA GNPs.
• MAKES UP 80 OF THE WORLDS POPULATION.
• 15 OF THE WORLDS WEALTH AND INCOME.
• ONLY USE 12 OF THE WORLDS RESOURCES.

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WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT THE WEALTH GAP?

• NOTHING, BECAUSE PEOPLE MAKE THEIR OWN BED SO THE
  MUST LIVE IN IT. IF WE HELP THEM, WE WILL BE
  CREATING A WELFARE STATE. THUS HURTING THEM IN
  THE LONG RUN.
• SOMETHING, BECAUSE THE POOR ARE DYING. THE POOR
  SOMETIMES HAVE A MORE ADVERSE AFFECT ON THE
  ENVIRONMENT THAN THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.

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TOO MANY RICH PEOPLEWEIGHING RELATIVE BURDENS ON
THE PLANET

• READ PAUL EHRLICHS ESSAY.
• WRITE A COUNTER POINT ESSAY.
• TYPED 2 pages.
• 30 POINTS.
• Due Tuesday

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1-3RESOURCES
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WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

• IS THE CURRENT GROWTH RATE SUSTAINABLE IN THE
  FUTURE?
• THIS IDEA ASSUMES THAT WE RIGHT TO USE THE
  EARTHS RESOURCES AND EARTH CAPITAL TO MEET OUR
  NEEDS BUT THAT WE HAVE THE OBLIGATION TO PASS ON
  THE EARTHS RESOURCES AND SERVICES TO FUTURE
  GENERATIONS IN AS GOOD OR BETTER SHAPE THAN THESE
  CONDITIONS WERE PASSED ON TO US.
• SHOULD WE LIVE FOR TODAY AND NOT CARE ABOUT HOW
  FUTURE WILL BE AFFECTED?

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ECOLOGICAL VS. ECONOMIC RESOURCES

• ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE - IS ANYTHING REQUIRED BY AN
  ORGANISM FOR NORMAL MAINTENANCE, GROWTH, AND
  PRODUCTION.
• ECONOMIC RESOURCE - IS ANYTHING OBTAINED FROM THE
  ENVIRONMENT TO MEET HUMAN NEEDS AND WANTS.

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RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• RENEWABLE RESOURCES - SOLAR.
• POTENTIALLY RENEWABLE RESOURCES - CAN BE
  REPLENISHED FAIRLY RAPIDLY THROUGH NATURAL
  PROCESSES.
• BIODIVERSITY
• GENETIC DIVERSITY
• SPECIES DIVERSITY
• ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
• VARIETY PROVIDES MORE RESOURCES.

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THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS.
IF I DO NOT USE THIS RESOURCE, SOMEONE ELSE
WILL. THE LITTLE BIT I USE OR POLLUTE IS NOT
ENOUGH TO MATTER. WITH ONLY A FEW USES, THIS
LOGIC WORKS. HOWEVER, THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF
MANY PEOPLE TRYING TO EXHAUSTS OR RUINS IT. THEN
NO ONE CAN BENEFIT FROM IT, AND THEREIN LIES THE
TRAGEDY.
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POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

• USE THE COMMON-PROPERTY RESOURCE AT RATES BELOW
  WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE BY REDUCING POPULATION AND
  REGULATING ACCESS.
• PROBLEMS -
• CONVERT THE COMMON-PROPERTY TO PRIVATE
  OWNERSHIP.
• PROBLEMS -
• COMMAND-AND-CONTROL IS THE USE OF TAXES AND THE
  FREE-MARKET
• PROBLEMS -

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1-4 POLLUTION
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POINT SOURCE - COMES FROM A SINGLE,
IDENTIFIABLE SOURCE. NONPOINT SOURCE -
RUNOFF THREE FACTORS DETERMINED HOW SEVERE THE
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF A POLLUTANT ARE. 1. THE
CONCENTRATION LEVEL. ppm ppt 2. CHEMICAL NATURE.
How active and harmful it is in nature? 3. HALF
LIFE OR THE PERSISTENCE OF THE POLLUTANT. ex
BIODEGRADABLE DDT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A PERSISTENT
POLLUTANT.
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SOLUTIONS TO POLLUTION

• POLLUTION CONTROL-INPUT CONTROL
• THREE Rs
• POLLUTION PREVENTION- OUTPUT CONTROL
• 1. TEMPORARY BANDAGE.
• 2. THE CLEANUP OF ONE TYPE OF POLLUTANT MAY CAUSE
  ANOTHER TYPE OF POLLUTION PROBLEM.
• 3. COST IS TO HIGH.
• ONLY 1 IS SPENT ON PREVENTION

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1-5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE PROBLEMS CAUSE
AND CONNECTIONS
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• RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
• RAPID AND WASTEFUL USE OF RESOURCES WITH TOO
  LITTLE EMPHASIS ON POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE
  REDUCTION
• POVERTY
• FAILURE OF POLICIES THAT ENCOURAGE SUSTAINABLE
  GROWTH

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Population X Affluence X Technology
Impact IMPORTANT
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1-6CULTURAL CHANGES
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1-8 ENVIRONMENTAL WORLD VIEWS AND SUSTAINABILITY
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WHATS THE USE OF A HOUSE IF YOU DONT HAVE A
DECENT PLANET TO PUT IT ON? THOREAU

• ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
• PLANETARY MANAGEMENT WORLDVIEW.

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SUSTAINABILITY

• ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
• PLANETARY MANAGEMENT WORLDVIEW
• WE ARE THE BEST
• THERE IS ALWAYS MORE
• ALL EC. GROWTH IS GOOD
• SUCCESS CONTROL OF EARTH FOR OUR BENEFIT

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Earth wisdom view

• Nature exist for all
• There is not always more
• Some economic growth is good while some might
  effect the environment