ADVISOR as a Foundation for Vehicle Systems Analysis

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ADVISOR as a Foundation for Vehicle Systems
Analysis

• Tony Markel
• Senior Engineer
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
• Brown Bag Seminar
• December 4, 2003

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ADVISOR was Originally Developed to Support DOE
Light-Duty HEV Program
Digital Functional Vehicle
ADVISOR
Vehicle Systems Analysis
Battery Thermal Management
US Big 3 Partnership HV program 55 mpg PNGV 80
mpg goal FreedomCAR
Vehicle Auxiliary Load Reduction
GM
Ford
DaimlerChrysler
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Hybrid Electric Vehicle Basics

• Multiple power sources work together to provide a
  better more efficient vehicle
• Electric traction drive/assist and energy storage
  are common attributes
• Hybrid powertrain applicable to entire range of
  vehicles

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High-Level Overview on ADVISOR

• ADVISOR ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR
• simulates conventional, electric, or hybrid
  vehicles (series, parallel, or fuel cell)
• ADVISOR was created in 1994 at NREL to support
  DOE Hybrid Program
• Distributed on web by NREL
• from 1998-2002
• Downloaded by over 8000
• people around world
• Held 2 ADVISOR User Conferences
• In 2003, ADVISOR was licensed to AVL Powertrain
  for commercial release

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Historical Perspective on NRELs Vehicle Systems
Analysis Activities

• 1993 Began managing hybrid vehicle program sub.
  for DOE
• 1994 Created ADVISOR to satisfy need at NREL and
  DOE
• 1994 Began answering HEV questions for DOE and
  others using ADVISOR and other tools
• 1997 Started work on Digital Functional Vehicle
  Project with industry
• 1998 Released ADVISOR to public (v 2.0) and
  began linking tools together
• 2000 Version 3.0 of ADVISOR, 2600 total users
• 2000 New phase of collaboration with industry on
  DFV
• 2001 Versions 3.1 and 3.2 of ADVISOR show
  advanced functionality, optimization, etc. gt4500
  total users.
• 2002 Focus on interaction with industry users of
  ADVISOR
• 2003 Major optimization progress AVL licenses
  ADVISOR (gt8000 users)

1993
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2/3 of Users are from Industry,All Major Auto
OEMs Suppliers
Legend includes organizations with 8 or more
users since v2.0
As of 8/22/03
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Basic Structure (models) In the Matlab/Simulink
Environment
Block Diagram
Battery
Control
Engine
Libraries
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Example of Flexibility from Modular
ApproachRange of Fuel Cell Model Complexity in
ADVISOR

• Model 2
• Springer et. al. fuel cell model
• thermodynamic library
• balance of plant components
• water transport in MEA

More Detail

• User-defined model
• configurable subsystem structure
• ability to link to fuel cell models in other
  tools (e.g. Saber, Simplorer,)

• Model 1
• parametric polarization curve
• system thermal model
• balance of plant components
• variable operating pressure

Less Detail

• Simple Polarization Curve
• defined current and voltage
• simplified balance of plant

• Net Power vs. Efficiency
• single curve
• scalability

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Basic Structure (database) How the Data/Models
are Pulled into the GUI
Block Diagram
GUI
Data Files
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Three Main ADVISOR GUI Screens
Vehicle Input
Simulation Setup
Results
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Demonstration of ADVISOR
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Specialized FunctionalityTest Procedures
Federal Test Procedure (FTP)
Real World
City/Highway Composite
SAE J1711 HEV Test Procedure
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Specialized FunctionalityDesign of Experiments
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Distributed Computing Capability Built Into
ADVISOR and Optimization tools

• User chooses to run remotely
• Email notification upon completion

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Historical Perspective -- ADVISOR Has Grown
Through Multiple Connections
Activities Funded by Others
DOE Funded Activities
HFCIT NREL Systems Integrator Role
Alstom WFO
Advanced Power Electronics
Energy Storage Team
EPA WFO
Vehicle Systems Analysis
Aux. Loads Team
Eaton CRADA
Systems Emissions Reduction
HFCIT Fuel Cell Vehicle Analysis
AVL CRADA
Likely GM WFO
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Draw Upon All Available Sources to Gather Data
and and New Models
National Labs -- Vehicle Manufacturers --
Component Suppliers
Test Data
Result Finding solutions to technical
barriers!
Processing

Optimization
Modeling
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Examples of Industry Applications

• Visteon Corporation
• Using ADVISOR to analyze the performance of both
  conventional and hybrid electric vehicles
• Determining vehicle and subsystem performance
  requirements
• Use of ADVISOR in the development of their
  variable-shift schedule control system for hybrid
  electric vehicles
• Recent article in SAEs Automotive Engineering
  (p. 157)
• Visteon showed a 7 increase in fuel efficiency
  and decreased NOx emissions based on ADVISOR
  simulations of their systems.

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Examples of Industry Applications

• Allison Transmission
• Using ADVISOR to help in the development of their
  hybrid electric transit bus and delivery truck
  powertrains
• have been utilizing the ADVISOR modeling
  environment for the past 3 years to simulate our
  advanced technology hybrid electric propulsion
  systems.
• to predict acceleration, gradeability, and fuel
  economy of proposed vehicle applications
• Allison engineers have compared the results of
  ADVISOR simulations with actual test data and
  have shown the simulations of fuel economy to be
  within 4 of dynamometer test results

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NRELs Systems Analysis Using ADVISOR Addresses
Technology Barriers

• Suppliers
• Ability to quantify the impacts of their current
  and future technology in a vehicle systems
  context
• OEMS
• Standard vehicle systems analysis software
  platform to share data/concepts with suppliers
• Ability to quickly/easily examine applicability
  of new concepts and technologies from suppliers
• DOE
• Ensuring that program resources lead to
  technology that will be included in future
  products -- maximize impact on oil imports curve

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Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Robust Operation

• Need to size component appropriately for a
  variety of ambient conditions
• Fuel cell humidification requirements difficult
  to satisfy in dry climates
• Rejecting low grade waste heat challenging in hot
  climates

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Integrated Parametric Fuel Cell Model Used to
Understand Vehicle Impacts

• Fuel cell subsystems can be optimized within
  vehicle context for satisfactory operation under
  a variety of conditions

• Capture interaction between fuel cell components
• Evaluate control options for water and thermal
  management

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Altitude and Temperature Impact Fuel Cell Vehicle
Performance
Fuel cell system impacts of elevation and
temperature captured
Integration within vehicle model quantifies
impacts over real driving profile
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FreedomCAR Technical Teams SupportEnergy Storage
Requirements for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles

• Participants
• Energy Storage, Systems Engineering and Analysis,
  Hydrogen Storage, Fuel Cell Technical Teams, DOE,
  ANL and NREL
• Objective
• Analyze electric energy storage system
  requirements for a fuel cell vehicle, including
  sensitivity to different levels of hybridization,
  vehicle platforms and fuel cell technologies
• Approach
• Determine the potential roles of the battery
• Run simulations to quantify requirements
• associated with individual roles
• Compile the battery requirements

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History of NRELs Targets Analysis for DOE

• NREL has provided DOE with high quality technical
  targets analysis using ADVISOR for the past 5
  years

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Motivation Produce National Impacts Due to
Potential Changes in Technical Targets
trucks
Source Tom Gross presentation at Clean Cities
Day 3/12/02
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Technical Targets Uses ADVISOR to Quantify Impacts
Target Values
Model Parameters
NTV CPIs/MPGs
Results
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Example of Results Screen
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ADVISOR Is Essential for Vehicle Ancillary Loads
Reduction Analysis

• Integrated Auxiliary Loads Modeling
• Vehicle Solar Load Estimator
• National A/C Fuel Use Analysis
• A/C Transient Optimization
• Fixed Displacement Compressors
• Electric A/C Compressors
• Waste Heat Opportunities
• Cooling
• Electric
• Vehicle Evaluation of AdvancedClimate Control
  Systems

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Other Applications of the ADVISOR Concept

• Integrated systems driven analysis is the focus!
• NCPV at NREL is applying concept to performance,
  cost, and sensitivity analysis of PV systems and
  components in support of a general solar energy
  technologies modeling
• Interactions between subsystems provides valuable
  insight at all levels of the renewable energy
  research

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Summary

• ADVISOR is a core part of NRELs and DOEs
  FreedomCAR activities
• ADVISOR benefits from large /effort leveraging
• Leveraged funding from HFCIT program as well
• AVL partnership expands NRELs modeling
  capabilities and access to data
• NRELs Vehicle System Analysis team is focused on
  applications, using the most appropriate tool
  available
• ADVISOR plays a key role in helping DOE and
  industry understand hybrid vehicle systems
  integration and optimization opportunities