XEUS: The Physics of the hot Evolving Universe

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XEUS The Physics of the hot Evolving Universe

• Xavier Barcons

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Index

• The Science Case for a Next Generation X-ray
  Observatory
• The (current) XEUS mission scenario
• Implementation towards a global mission

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Acknowledgements

• The XEUS Science Advisory Group Monique Arnaud,
  Johan Bleeker, Günther Hasinger, Hajime Inoue,
  Giorgio Palumbo, Arvind Parmar and Martin Turner.
  
• The XEUS Astrophysics Working Group, especially
  Didier Barret
• The XEUS Instrument Working Group, especially
  Dave Lumb
• The XEUS Telescope Working Group, especially
  Marcos Bavdaz

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Physics of the hot evolving Universe

• Probing matter under extreme conditions
• The origin and growth of the first massive black
  holes in the early Universe
• The formation of the first gravitationally bound,
  dark matter dominated systems, i.e. small groups
  of galaxies and their evolution
• The characterisation of the true intergalactic
  medium, containing ½ of the baryonic matter in
  the Universe
• The origin and cosmic evolution of the chemical
  elements in the Universe

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Relativistically broadened Fe reflection lines in
AGN
MCG-6-30-15
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Relativistic Fe line broadening
Schwarzschild
Kerr
Fabian et al 91
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Measuring the spin of the Black Hole
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Approaching the Black Hole
Wilms et al 2001
Light-bending effects Chris Reynolds
NASA
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General Relativity frequencies in Quasi-Periodic
Oscillations
Very large collecting area needed
D. Barret
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Constraining the equation of state in neutron
stars (now)
XMM-Newton detection of the gravitational redshift
in the surface of a neutron star
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Constraining the equation of state in neutron
stars (the future)
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The formation of the first supermassive Black
Holes

• Current theories predict that the first massive
  black holes formed at redshifts of 5-10 with
  masses of 106-7 Mo, corresponding to X-ray
  luminosities of 1043-44 erg s-1.
• Furthest known massive black holes (QSOs) are at
  z 6.5. Claimed galaxy at z 10.
• A prime goal of XEUS is to study the evolution of
  the early universe using Active Galactic Nuclei
  (AGN) as probes.

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Lockman Hole800 ks XMM-Newton observation
XEUS will be able to determine redshifts and
study Fe lines individually
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XEUS The first accreting BHs
z3.0
z5.0
z7.0
z10.0
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Binary BH mergers - efficient accretion
Biggest problem how to funnel down large amount
of gas over a galactic scale on a very short
timescales Observations tell us, that gas-rich
mergers can do the trick.
Binary Black Holes expected in powerful obscured
quasars. XEUS needed!
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Clusters of GalaxiesLargest Objects in the
Universe
courtesy V. Springel MPA
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XEUS The first groups and clusters

• XEUS will detect and study the first and most
  distant groups of galaxies formed in the
  Universe, precursors of todays massive clusters.

Credit H. Böhringer
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The missing baryons
CenOstriker 1999
Dark Matter (23)
X-ray Gas (4)
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First clusters creation of chemical elements
Abundance independent of z
Elements formed at zgt1.3!
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XEUS Key Parameters
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Mission concept

• 2 Spacecraft in flight formation
• Mirror S/C (MSC)
• Detector S/C (DSC), icnluding active alignement
  systems
• Operations at L2
• DSC can be replaced with updated instruments

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The mirror technology the big challenge
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The pore optics concept
Bavdaz et al (2004)
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Stacking of Si ribbed plates
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Building the X-ray telescope and MSC
Bavdaz et al 04
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MSC concept
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Mirror effective area
Lumb et al 04
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Comparison of X-ray mirror technologies
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XEUS instruments

• Narrow Field Instrument 1 (Superconducting
  Tunnelling Junction)
• FOV0.5-1
• 0.05-3 keV
• Spectral res 1 eV _at_ 1 keV
• Narrow Field Instrument 2 (Transition Edge
  Spectrometer)
• FOV 0.5-1
• 2-15 keV
• Spectral res 3 eV _at_ 6keV

• WFI (Wide-field imager)
• CCD/DEPFET (5)
• Conventional CCDs (15)
• High-energy detector
• High count rate detector
• Polarimetry?

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Implementing the mission

• ESA/JAXA collaboration since 1996
• Technically ready for launch in 2015, if
  development continues
• Proposed to ESAs Cosmic Vision 2015 exercise,
  to implement the theme The violent evolving
  Universe
• Constructive talk with the USA towards a single
  global ESA/NASA/JAXA mission.