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Ethnic demography and party policy patterns of
voter alignment in Bulgaria, Romania and
Slovakia by Christian Autengruber Andrássy
University Budapest German Council on Foreign
Relations
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Bulgaria ethnic groups and election results
Political party Movement for Rights and Freedoms
(DPS) (Turkish) (Member of Liberal
International) Results in parliamentary
elections 1990 6.0 1997 7.6 1991 7.5
2001 7.5 1994 4.7 2004 12.8
Governmental participation (coalition
government or support for minority government)
1991-1992, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2001-2005, 2005-
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Romania ethnic groups and election results
Political party Democratic Alliance of
Hungarians of Romania (RMDSZ) (Hungarian)
(Observer status in the European Peoples Party
EPP) Results in parliamentary elections (chamber
of deputies) 1990 7.2 2000 6.8 1992
7.5 2004 6.2 1996 6.6 Governmental
participation (coalition government or support
for minority government)1996-2000, 2000-2004,
2004-
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Slovakia ethnic groups and election results
Political party Hungarian Coalition Party (MKP)
(Hungarian) (Member of the European Peoples
Party EPP) Results in parliamentary
elections 1992 7.4 2002 11.2 1994
10.2 2006 11.7 1998 9.1 Governmental
participation (coalition government or support
for minority government) 1998-2002, 2002-2006
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Ethnic demography and party policy patterns of
voter alignment in Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia

• dominant national parliaments
• fractionalisation in parliaments and governmental
  participation
• electoral systems
• recent trend ethnic differences in voter
  participation
• exclusionary mechanisms in the transition period
  and/or in the 80s
• Unresolved minority issues or minority situation
  challenged by other (radical) political actors

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Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia number of effective
parties/format