Sussex Household Recycling Incentives Trials

1

• Sussex Household Recycling Incentives Trials
• Introduction
• Shop Voucher Schemes
• Leisure Voucher Schemes
• Three-way Competitions
• Island School Community Schemes
• Demographic Analyses
• Overall Summary

Dr. Ryan Woodard
Dr. Marie Harder
2
Sneak Preview. Lessons learned

• Significant improvements CAN be obtained

3
Sneak Preview. Lessons learned

• VOUCHER schemes
• - of value of gt1,
• - with (suitable) shops nearby,
• - awarded on a household basis (or flats),
• - in areas with lt65 participation rates
  already
• ARE LIKELY TO INCREASE PARTICIPATION RATES BY
  10-20. (Cash or Leisure)
• More publicity would enhance these effects!!

4
Lessons Learned Overall

• Island Community School projects gave varied
  results
• Very necessary to be sure there is a community
  spirit
• Very necessary to have ongoing reminders
• VERY popular with the schools!!
• Three-Way Competitions gave varied results
• Very dependent on community group strength
• Not suitable for groups already performing quite
  well

5

• Sussex Household Recycling Incentives Trials
• Introduction
• Shop Voucher Schemes
• Leisure Voucher Schemes
• Three-way Competitions
• Island School Community Schemes
• Demographic Analyses
• Overall Summary

6

• Three-way competition schemes

7
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Introduction

• Concept get three communities to compete against
  each other
• Incentives group funding and/or honour!
• Public announcements of 1st, 2nd, 3rd prizes each
  month
• Necessary elements
• a sense of community identity
• an organising body
• Housing association (HA)
• Parish Council (PC)

8
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Introduction

• Two Types Studied
• 3 villages (rural, low IMD)
• 3 housing blocks (urban, high IMD)

9
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Introduction

• Method
• Baseline data collected (Part. Rates/vols)
• Schemes presented in person to HAs/PCs
• Assistance offered for dissemination
• Introductory fliers delivered to hholds
• Scheme posters provided
• Trial data collected
• Newspapers notified and updated
• - but HAs/PCs are expected to do more!

10
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Introduction

• Method (contd)
• Prizes of 100, 200, 400 each time
• Villages for 3 months
• (For increases in participation rates)
• Housing Blocks for 3 fortnights
• (For increases in volumes)

11
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Results
12
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Results

• Variation of participation rates in villages

13
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Results

• Set-out rates in villages

14
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Results

• Variation of volumes collected in housing blocks

15
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Results
Summary of results of all 3-way schemes
16
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Discussion

• Villages were not effective! But started at
  higher recycling levels of 60 part rates
• Clear effects in some flats
• -Two flats did well against controls
• -Halton showed least improvements but
• always had highest vol per hh!
• In this case, the urban community groups were
  much more active and influential than the rural
  ones

17
THREE-WAY COMPETITION SCHEMES Conclusion

• Conclusions
• Modest increases can be obtained with such
  schemes up to 4 participation rate and 98
  volumes increases were seen
• It seems that stronger communities perform better
• Communities already performing well may need
  different schemes

18

• Sussex Household Recycling Incentives Trials
• Introduction
• Shop Voucher Schemes
• Leisure Voucher Schemes
• Three-way Competitions
• Island School Community Schemes
• Demographic Analyses
• Overall Summary

19

• Island School Community Schemes

20
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Introduction

• Concept get local community to work for group
  benefit (their schools)
• Incentives 50-200 per month released for 4
  months to local schools amounts depending on
  recycling increases in the whole community
• Necessary elements
• a sense of community identity
• co-operative schools
• island recycling boundaries

21
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Introduction

• Islands of recycling boundaries
• Lewes kerbside scheme
• plastic, paper, tins, cans (tonnages)
• Rotherbring banks of village
• plastic and paper (volumes)
• Sompting village glass
• (bbankkerb) (tonnages)

22
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Introduction

• Four types studied
• Lewes, town, 7 schools, Deprn Rank 194
• Rother, small village,1 school, Deprn Rank 190
• Sompting, urban village,1 school, Deprn Rank 236
• Steyning, large village, 2 schools, Deprn Rank
  349
• (but Steyning later stopped due to problems)

23
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Introduction

• Method
• Baseline measurements taken
• Every household in town/village leafleted
• Newspapers notified
• Trial measurements taken
• Results announced monthly
• - but this step needs more work!
• Cheques issued!

24
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Results
25
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Results

• Variation of recycling tonnages collected in
  Lewes town

26
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Results

• Variation of recycling volumes collected in
  Rother village

27
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Results

• Variation of recycling tonnages collected in
  Sompting village

28
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Results

• Summary of Island School Community Schemes

29
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Discussion

• The volume measurements were taken systematically
  and carefully considered valid.
• In Rother an enthusiastic new teacher was very
  active in promoting the scheme, and articles
  appeared in the Village news.
• In Lewes, the control used showed unexpected
  increases investigations did not show any
  reasons for this.
• In Lewes, detailed data showed some rounds had
  incredible increases
• over 150!

30
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Discussion

• Variations of kerbside tonnages in some Lewes
  rounds affiliated with specific schools

31
ISLAND SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHEMES Conclusion

• Conclusions
• These types of school schemes can be effective,
  with the town of Lewes increasing recycling
  overall by 17.
• Community spirit seems to be an important element
  for greatest success.
• More opportunities are needed to remind the
  public over such a long period.

32

• Sussex Household Recycling Incentives Trials
• Introduction
• Shop Voucher Schemes
• Leisure Voucher Schemes
• Three-way Community Competitions
• Island School Community Schemes
• Demographic Analyses
• Overall Summary

33

• Demographic Analyses
• Data taken from ALL relevant schemes studied by
  WERG in this project
• Our household data usually related to the
  appropriate Super Output Area SOA of a
  geographical system, which has deprivation
  information publicly available

34
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSES Deprivation

• Variation of the CHANGE in participation rates
  with the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)

35
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSES Pre-scheme behaviour

• Variation of the change in participation rates
  against the pre-scheme rates

36
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSES Deprivation

• Variation of the CHANGE in set-out rates with
  the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)

37
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSES Pre-scheme behaviour

• Variation of the change in set-out rates
  against the pre-scheme rates

38

• The IMD 2004 contains seven Domains
• Income deprivation
• Employment deprivation
• Health deprivation and disability
• Education, Skills and training deprivation
• Barriers to Housing and Services
• Living Environment Deprivation
• Crime
• Only one showed much variation with success in
  our schemes.

39

• The IMD 2004 contains seven Domains
• Income deprivation
• Employment deprivation
• Health deprivation and disability
• Education, Skills and training deprivation
• Barriers to Housing and Services
• Living Environment Deprivation
• Crime

40
The other 6 domains showed this kind of variation
41
Living Environment Deprivation showed this
42

• Living Environment Deprivation includes
• Social and private housing in poor condition
  (2001).
• Houses without central heating (2001).
• Air quality (2001).
• Road traffic accidents involving injury to
  pedestrians and cyclists (2000-2002).

43

• Sussex Household Recycling Incentives Trials
• Introduction
• Shop Voucher Schemes
• Leisure Voucher Schemes
• Three-way Competitions
• Island School Community Schemes
• Demographic Analyses
• Overall Summary

44
Summary of Shop Voucher schemes
45
Summary of Leisure Voucher schemes
46
Summary of Community schemes
47
Lessons Learned Overall

• Lessons Learned Overall
• VOUCHER schemes of value of gt1,
• - with (suitable) shops nearby,
• - awarded on a household basis (or flats),
• - in areas with lt65 participation rates
  already
• ARE LIKELY TO INCREASE PARTICIPATION RATES BY
  10-20. (Cash or Leisure)
• More publicity would enhance these effects!!

48
Lessons Learned Overall

• Putting it another way
• Vouchers worth lt1 are not very effective,
• Shops best as food shops / supermarkets
• Non-supermarket shops must be within 0.5 mile
• Awards on a round basis not very effective
• Increases of participation rates gt 65 unlikely
• volumes/tonnages have upper limits too (vary)
• More publicity will enhance these effects!!

49
Lessons Learned Overall

• Variable-valued vouchers are effective they
  allow a weekly reminder.
• Leisure cards are popular to a wider range of
  people than swims

50
Lessons Learned Overall

• Island Community School projects gave varied
  results
• Can be significant e.g. 17 tonnage in Lewes
• Can be awful, e.g. -5 in Sompting
• Can be remarkable, e.g. gt150 in specific rounds
• Very necessary to be sure there is a community
  spirit
• Very necessary to have ongoing reminders
• VERY popular with the schools!!

51
Lessons Learned Overall

• Three-Way Competitions gave varied results
• Very dependent on community groups
• Not suitable for groups already performing quite
  well

52
Lessons Learned Overall
53
Lessons Learned Overall
54

• Sussex Household Recycling Incentives Trials
• Introduction
• Shop Voucher Schemes
• Leisure Voucher Schemes
• Three-way Competitions
• Island School Community Schemes
• Demographic Analyses
• Overall Summary

55
Acknowledgments
56
More information

• Visit
• www.brighton.ac.uk/WERG
• E-mail
• werg_at_brighton.ac.uk