Bluetooth Networks IEEE 802.15.1

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Bluetooth NetworksIEEE 802.15.1
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• Supervised by
• Dr. Hasan Abbas
• Presented by
• E. Amjad Saidy

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• How Bluetooth Technology Works.
• The applications of bluetooth technology.
• Data Bite Rate.

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• Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range
  communications system intended to replace the
  cables connecting portable and/or fixed
  electronic devices.
• The system offers services that enable the
  connection of devices and the exchange of a
  variety of data classes between these devices.

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• Bluetooth lets the devices communicate with each
  other when they are in range. The devices use a
  radio communications system, so they do not have
  to be in line of sight of each other, and can
  even be in other rooms, as long as the received
  transmission is powerful enough.1.

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• The spectrum band of Bluetooth has been decided
  to be the Industrial, Scientific and Medicine
  (ISM) Band, with frequency range in most
  countries from 2.40GHZ to 2.48 GHz .

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• The Bluetooth core system consists of hardware
  and software (RF transceiver, base band, and
  protocol stack).

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• One device provides the synchronization reference
  and is known as the master. All other devices are
  known as slaves.
• A group of devices synchronized in this fashion
  form a piconet. This is the fundamental form of
  communication for Bluetooth wireless technology .

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Physical channel

• There is a Physical channel between every master
  and slave .
• There are two types of physical link between a
  master a slave
• 1- SCO (synchronous connection oriented)
• 2- ACL (asynchronous connectionless)

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• SCO (synchronous connection oriented) The SCO
  link is a symmetric point-to-point link between
  the master and a specific slave, used for audio
  applications by rate 64kbps.
• ACL (asynchronous connectionless) The ACL link
  is a packet switch type of connection between the
  master and all the active slaves used for
  transmission data by the rate 721kbps.2.

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• The physical channel between every master and
  slave is sub-divided into time units known as
  slots. Data is transmitted between Bluetooth
  enabled devices in packets that are positioned in
  these slots

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• The Bluetooth radio system adopts a slotted Time
  Division Duplex (TDD) transmission scheme, where
  each slot is 625 micro sec length and two slots
  form one frame. In addition, forward error
  correction and automatic repeat request for
  retransmission.

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The data in the piconet channel is conveyed in
packets
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• The access code is a 72-bit which is used for
• 1- synchronization between the master and slave.
• 2-In paging and inquiry procedures.3.

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• The header is 54 bit which is used for error
  correction and automatic repeat request for
  retransmission.
• In the pay load two field are distinguished. The
  synchronous voice field (SCO) and the
  asynchronous data field (ACL).

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Establishing network connections
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• The initial state is that all Bluetooth devices
  are in STANDBY mode. In STANDBY mode, the
  devices, which are un-connected, listen
  periodically for messages. (Every 1.28 sec).
• A connection is initiated by a PAGE message in
  the case of a known address, or in the case of an
  unknown address by an INQUIRY message

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There are three power saving modes HOLD, SNIFF
PARK

• If no data needs to be transmitted, the master
  can put slaves into HOLD.
• The SNIFF mode is used in a way the slave device
  listens to the piconet at reduced rate.
• The PARK mode keeps the device synchronized to
  the piconet. 4.

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problem
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• The use of frequency-hopping multiple access
  schemes has enabled the simultaneous operation of
  different networks in the same area and narrow
  band Frequency Hopping (FH) ensures tolerance to
  of in-band interference.

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• In the range(2.4GHZ 2.48GHZ) there are
• 79 frequencies( 79channels)
• F 2402K MHZ
• K0,1,2,.78
• The frequency hops between these 79 frequencies
  by the rate 1600 hops/sec.5.

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• The modulation that is employed for Bluetooth
  radio system is a binary Gaussian-shaped FSK,
  with modulation index between 0.28 and 0.356.

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The block diagram of GFSK transmitter
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• the simple and small transceiver implementation
  of GFSK system and its characteristic of constant
  envelope, which is desirable in fading. A
  transmitted GFSK signal can be written as

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• E the energy per symbol .
• T the symbol period .
• F the carrier frequency.
• h the modulation index.

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The out put of LPF
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The applications of bluetooth technology

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• The main applications of Bluetooth radio system
  are wire replacement, local area network (LAN)
  access points, and personal area networks .

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List of applications

• Transfer of files between devices .
• Between PC and mouse ,keyboard ,scanner and
  primter.
• Between PC and PDA.
• Between PC and home audio.
• Between PC and XDSL ACCESS.

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Bluetooth compact flash card
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• We put this device in USP of every computer and
  exchange data between these computers or between
  the computer and mobile

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Local Area Network (LAN)

• First form the computers must be placed in an
  area (circle) of 100 meters diameter, so data can
  be transmitted between any two computers.

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• Seconde form the distance between any two
  neighboring computers is 100 meters, so data can
  be transmitted between any two neighboring
  computers.

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Data Bite rate

• The theoretical bit rate is 1 Mbps, but in
  practical it is less .
• We measured data bit rate in Bluetooth networks,
  by measuring file transfer throughput between
  Bluetooth network nodes at variable distances and
  under different conditions .

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From mobile to mobile
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From mobile to computer
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From computer to computer
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1- From mobile to mobile
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From mobile to mobile

• walls existed

• no walls existed

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-From mobile to computer2
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From mobile to computer

• walls existed

• no walls existed

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3-From computer to computer
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From computer to computer

• walls existed

• no walls existed

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Data bite rate depends on

• The distance between receiver and transmiter .
• The material of obstacle (glass ,wood, concrete).
• The Maximum Permitted Power of the bluetooths
  signal .
• The frequency which is used (2.40 2.48)GHZ.

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Important caution

• Passwords should be enterd at the terminals of
  the bluetooth networks to maintain the security
  of data.7.

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References

• 1-MADHUSHEE, G., Getting Started with Bluetooth,
  2002.
• 2- HAARTSEN, J., Bluetooth The universal radio
  interface for ad hoc, 1998.
• 3- POLLARD,J.K., Component-based Architecture for
  Simulation of Transmission Systems,2000.

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• 4-HAARTSEN,J.C., The Bluetooth Radio
  System,2000.
• 5- BRAY, J. STURMAN, C. F., Bluetooth Connect
  without cables, 2001.
• 6-Hewlett ,P ., Bluetooth Technology
  Overview,2003.
• 7-GUHA,T. V.,bluetooth security ,2000 .

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• The end