COTRIGENERATION

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CO/TRI-GENERATION ???
Lone Star Chapter The Association of Energy
Engineers
Presented By Bob Gilbert (G2 Power
Associates) Richard Wolf
(SW Energy Solutions, Inc.)
February 10, 2004
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Purpose of Presentation

• To promote the use of Co/Tri-Generation, BCHP
  technology and the concept of Distributed Energy
  for institutional, commercial and industrial
  facilities that can Offer a Cost Effective
  Alternative Approach to Reducing your operating
  costs and allowing you to become more energy
  efficient and environmental friendly.

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What is Co -Trigeneration? Also known as CHP and
CHCP (Combined Heat, Cooling and Power),
Cogeneration is the simultaneous production of
power and thermal energy from one fuel source,
while Trigeneration derive three forms of energy
from one primary source.
What is Distributed Energy? A popular term for
on-site power generation at the source where the
power is needed. Inside the fence power
generation.
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Cogeneration is Proven Technology not the
latest energy industry buzz word. Cogeneration
plants have been around for over 100 years.
In fact, the first commercial power plant was a
cogeneration plant designed and built by Thomas
Edison in 1882. It distributed both electricity
and thermal energy.
Proven Technology with a Long Track Record
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A New Name in the Game (BCHP) BCHP is a DOE led
effort to promote packaged cooling, heating and
power systems for commercial and institutional
buildings. It is also known as Distributed
Energy Resource Systems.
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What is BCHP?
Building, Cooling, Heating, Power Simultaneous
Use of Energy to Generate Electricity and Provide
Cooling and Heating Capacity for a Building
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Where Are The Projects
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Excellent BCHP Resources
International District Energy Association www.dist
rictenergy.org
U.S. Department of Energy www.doe.gov
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Why Co-Trigeneration or BCHP?
From a macro-viewpoint, it is important to expand
the use of cogeneration in our economy and around
the world because two-thirds (2/3) of the fuel
used to generate electricity is wasted in the
form of heat loss. This energy waste equates
to higher than needed emissions of pollutants and
greenhouse gases. It can also improve overall
resource efficiency levels to 70 or greater.
Good for the Environment Budget
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Developing Co-Trigeneration
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Feasibility Study (Typical Steps)

• Implementation Planning
• Technical Analysis
• Financial Analysis

Determine the Solution
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Implementation Planning

• Entitlements and Building Permit Research
• Determine Applicable Building Codes
• Determine Building Permit Process
• Determine Planning and Zoning Criteria Review
  Process
• Determine Local Fire Codes Requirements
• Determine Sound Control Requirements

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Implementation Planning

• Regulatory Issues and Rates
• Determine Air Pollution Permit Process
• Determine Pollution Abatement Alternatives

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Implementation Planning

• Utility Requirements
• Research Utility Interconnect Requirements
• Protective Relay
• Permit Costs
• Utility Power Quality
• Rate Schedules
• Research Fuel Issues
• Rate Schedules
• Confirm Pressure Capacity
• Long Term Delivery Contracts

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Technical Analysis Load Profiles

• Electrical
• Avg. Demand
• Min / Max Demand
• Peak Demand
• Monthly / Annual Consumption

• Thermal
• Form Used Steam, Hot Water, Chilled Water
• Primary Application
• Avg. Demand
• Min / Max Demand
• Peak Demand
• Required Conditions

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Technical Analysis

• Operating
• Nominal hours (monthly annually)
• Max Demand on any given day
• Zoning Issues
• Environmental Permits

• Facility
• Site Layout
• Process Flow
• Equipment Selection
• Utility Interface
• Future Growth Potential

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Financial Analysis

• Costs to Consider
• Pre-Engineering and Planning Costs
• Procurement of New Equipment
• Modifications to Existing Equipment
• Replacement Costs
• Adjust Maintenance and Repair Budgets
• Space
• OM
• Insurance
• Taxes

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Financial Analysis

• Methods of Evaluation
• Partial Methods
• Visual Inspection
• PayBack
• ROI
• Comprehensive Methods
• Discounting of Costs
• NPV
• NAV
• Benefit/Cost Ratio
• IRR

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Technology
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Typical Gas Turbine Cogen
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Trigeneration
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BCHP Cycle
Cooling Tower
Engine Jacket Water
Absorber
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Packaged Approach
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Packaging Advantages

• Risk Mitigation
• Single Point Responsibility
• Schedule Preservation
• Fewer People Responsible
• Predictable Manufacturing Environment
• Design Reliability
• Benefit of Experience
• Assembly Accountability
• Warranty Responsibility

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Kick Starting the Factory Packaged Program

• Federal Government Efforts
• DOE (US Department of Energy)
• Existing DOE Demonstrations
• 7 Projects being built or commissioned
• New Solicitation due February, 2004
• State Government Efforts
• NYSERDA (New York State Energy Research and
  Development Authority)
• PON 800 due April, 2004
• CEC (California Energy Commission)
• RFP 500-03-503 due December, 2003

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risk
The possibility that a particular threat will
exploit a particular vulnerability
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Risks to Mitigate

• Engineering
• System Integration
• Performance Optimization
• Vendor Selection
• Construction
• Methodologies
• Skill Level
• Equipment Familiarity

• Purchasing
• Multiple Vendor Contracts
• Dispersed Warranty
• Schedule
• Delivery
• Weather
• Site Control

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Schedule
An ordered list of times at which things are
planned to occur
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Commissioning

• Coordinating schedules of multiple vendors
• Performance and Functionality Testing
• Whos problem is it?

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Warranty

• Single Point of Contact or Multiple Contacts
• End user left holding the bag

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Factory Packaging Strengths

• Design Standardization
• Fast Track Installation
• Lower Cost Balance of Plant
• Consistently Quick Start-up
• Smaller Contact Population
• Tighter Warranty Management

RISK ADVERSE
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SWIFTPAC 4

• Features
• Power Output (ISO) 4 MW
• Base Engine ST 40 LEC
• Emissions 25 ppm NOx / 50 ppm CO
• Efficiency 32.3
• Package Size 40 x 96 x 8 ISO Certified
  Stackable Container

• Benefits
• Complete, self contained power plant package
• Making power soon after delivery
• Minimal foundation requirements - engineered soil
• High power density (I.e. 4 MW with a 8 x 40
  foot print)
• Environmentally friendly low emissions system

PWPS Technology
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BCHP Package Arrangement
MCC/s and Breakers
Control System
MCC/s and Breakers
Control System
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• Large Bore Engine
• Medium High Speed Gas

• Broad, Large Chillers
• Absorption

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BCHP Components Selected For Efficiency and
Unattended Reliability

• BCHP package
• Medium speed, natural gas fired, reciprocating
  engine generator set
• Waste heat fired absorption chiller
• Cooling tower
• All components packaged in architecturally
  appealing enclosure
• All interconnected, wired and tested for
  efficient and expedient installation
• BCHP plant is packaged and tested at TAS factory

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Electric kW
1200 kW
More
MAX
BCHP Supply
Electricity Ready
Less
2000 kW
Utility Supply
Chilled Water
More
Less
Chiller Ready
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Cogeneration/BCHP Examples
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1964 Chemical Plant(Deer Park, Texas)

• Three (3) Existing Steam Compressors
• Increase Compressed Air Capacity
• Add Compressor and Boiler?
• Installed GT, Compressor and WHRU

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1969 Shopping Mall(Florida)

• Need for Reliable Service
• Installed Natural Gas Reciprocating Engines with
  Absorption and centrifugal refrigeration systems
• System expanded to seven (7) engines (5.8 MW 1
  Standby), 1100 toms Coolings with 1100 tons
  Mechanical

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2003 Hospital(California)

• 5MW (2NG Turbines)
• 2 1000 Ton Absorbtion Chillers
• 2-1MW Diesel Backup Engines
• Maintain 500 KW with Utility

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Case Study for Local Hospital

• Modeled Assumptions
• 7MW Demand _at_ 45/MW
• 40,000 /hr Steam (125psig) _at_ 12/1000
• No OM Costs

• Utilizing the modeled assumptions and the
  following
• Natural Gas 6.00/mmbtu
• 90 Availability
• 5 year straight-line depreciation
• 75/25 debt/equity Term 12 years _at_ 9

IRR gt 20
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BCHP Retrofits of Existing Facilities
Over 100 99-80 79-60 59-49
600 - 1200 kW Market 950 Projects
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Thank You
Richard Wolf SW Energy Solutions, Inc. Email
swes_at_kingwoodcable.com Phone [phone] Fax
281-754-4617