Motherboards

1
Motherboards CPUs

• Intro to Communications

2
Objectives

• Upon Completion of this lesson, students will be
  able to
• List the functions of a motherboard
• Describe the power supply.
• Explain what a processor does
• Describe some of the newest processor designs

3
Functions of a Motherboard

• Distributes power from the power supply
• Provides connectivity for all system components
• Provides data paths for control signals and data
• Offers various sockets and pads for mounting
  components

4
Power Supply

• Connects to Motherboard
• Converts AC to DC at required Voltages
• Physically attached to the case

Connects to Motherboard, ATX connection, AT
Connection, 4 pin plug is used to power the CPU
on P4 class motherboards
5
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
First system computer scans when turned on
Determines systems configuration
Determines which peripherals the system can
support
Stored in a nonvolatile chip
6
System Bus

• Lies in the heart of the motherboard
• Various buses carrying signals between the
  components
• Hierarchy of buses ordered by their speed
• Each device in the system connected to bus

AGP System Bus Processor System Bus PCI System
Bus
7
Slots Sockets

• CPU installed in either a socket or a slot

Socket
Slot
8
Universal Serial Bus

• USB Features
• The computer acts as the host.
• Up to 127 devices can connect to the host, either
  directly or by way of USB hubs.
• Individual USB cables can run as long as 5
  meters with hubs, devices can be up to 30
  meters.
• With USB 2.0, the bus has a maximum data rate of
  480 megabits per second.

A connector upstream computer connection
B connector downstream device connector
9
Universal Serial Bus

• USB devices are hot-swappable.
• USB 2.0 has full forward and backward
  compatibility with original USB devices and works
  with cables and connectors made for original USB

10
FireWire IEEE-1394

• Originally created by Apple
• Preceded USB and had similar goals
• Originally intended for devices like camcorders,
  DVD players, Digital audio equipment. Things
  with a lot of data.

11
PCI
PCIe
AGP
ISA
CPU
Memory
Battery
Power Connection
Floppy Connection
IDE Connection
12
Central Processing Unit

• At the heart of a PC is the Central Processing
  Unit
• Known as the Brain of the Computer
• All of the software instructions and math logic
  calculations are carried out in the CPU
• Early CPUs allowed for the addition of a math
  coprocessor

• Typically the most expensive component on the
  motherboard

13
Heat Sink

• It is a metal object brought into contact with an
  electronic component's hot surface.
• Microprocessor is an example of an electronic
  device that needs a heat sink to reduce their
  temperature

• Heat sinks are widely used in electronics, and
  have become almost essential to modern integrated
  circuits like microprocessors.

• CPU heat sink with fan attached

14
When you Double Click on an Icon to Run a
Program, Here is What Happens

• The program, which is stored inside the hard disk
  drive, is transferred to the RAM memory. A
  program is a series of instructions to the CPU.
• 2. The CPU, using a circuit called memory
  controller, loads the program data from the RAM
  memory.
• 3. The data, now inside the CPU, is processed.
• 4. What happens next will depend on the program.
  The CPU could continue to load and executing the
  program or could do something with the processed
  data, like displaying something on the screen.

15
Single Core Processors

• In a single-core, the CPU is fed strings of
  instructions it must order, execute, then
  selectively store in its cache for quick
  retrieval. When data outside the cache is
  required, it is retrieved through the system bus
  from random access memory (RAM) or from storage
  devices.
• Accessing these slows down performance to the
  maximum speed the bus, RAM, or storage device
  will allow, which is far slower than the speed of
  the CPU.
• The situation is compounded when multi-tasking.
  In this case the processor must switch back and
  forth between two or more sets of data streams
  and programs. CPU resources are depleted and
  performance suffers.

16
Dual Core Processor

• A CPU with two separate cores on the same die,
  each with its own cache. It's the equivalent of
  getting two microprocessors in one.
• Cache is like RAM for a CPU

17
Dual Core Processor

• Each core handles incoming data strings
  simultaneously to improve efficiency.
• Just as two heads are better than one, so are two
  hands.
• Now when one is executing the other can be
  accessing the system bus or executing its own
  code.

18
Dual Processor

• (DP) systems are those that contains two separate
  physical computer processors on one motherboard.
• Their additional power can be crucial in
  applications like video editing or CAD.

• The real advantage of dual processors comes when
  you multitask.

19
Cases

• First referred to as the Beige Box.
• All computer cases started as desktops.
• As computer prices fell and competition
  increased, computer makers began selling cases in
  black, charcoal, and grey.
• Computer cases now come in a large variety of
  sizes, colors, and styles.