MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

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Chapter 11

• MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

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Human Body

• 206 bones, 6 types of joints, more than 600
  muscles
• Gives shape or form to body
• Supports body
• Provides basis for locomotion or movement
• Protects major organs

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4 Basic Types of Injuries

• Sprain injury in which ligament s are stretched
  and partially or completely torn
• Strain soft-tissue injury or muscle spasm around
  a joint
• Dislocation displacement of a bone end from a
  joint
• Fracture break or disruption in bone tissue

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4 Main Causes of Injury

• Direct force
• Indirect force
• Twisting force
• Contracting

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First Aid

• Immobilize before applying ice or elevating
• Spinal injuries have first priority
• Do not move unless you have to
• Check distal pulses (wrist or ankle)

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SplintingAny device used to immobilize a
fracture or dislocation

• Do not split if causes more pain
• Assess pulse before and after
• Immobilize the joints above and below injury
• Splint in position you found it
• Remove or cut away all clothing around site
• Never replace protruding bone ends
• When in doubt, splint

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Types of Splints

• Rigid
• Soft
• Anatomical

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RICE

• Rest
• Ice 20 minutes on / 20 minutes off
• Compression
• Elevation

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If Unable to Move or Use Body Part

• Keep injured part from moving
• Apply ice
• Get medical care

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IMMOBILIZATION
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Splinting

• Body Part
• Only if must be moved
• Doesnt cause more pain
• In the position you find it

• Tips
• Tie off above below injured area
• Use soft, rigid, or
• anatomical splints

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Chapter 12

• Injuries to the Extremities

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UPPER EXTREMITY INJURIES
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Shoulder

• Fractured Clavicle --- Collarbone
• Common cause fall
• Dont move until splint
• Sling cravats

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Shoulder

• Dislocation
• More severe than separated shoulder
• Arm outstretched palm shoulder height then
  pulled backward
• Rounded part of shoulder is flattened
• Injured arm is longer

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Shoulder

• Dislocation - Care
• Check pulse in wrist sensation in hand
• Immobilize do not straighten

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Elbow

• Dislocation
• Not common
• Deformity on elbow
• Shortened forearm
• Inability to bend

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Elbow

• Dislocation - Care
• Immobilize never straighten
• Ice

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Forearm

• Smiths Fracture
• Falls on back of hand with wrist flexed

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Wrist

• Colles Fracture
• Falls on palm with wrist extended

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• Colles Smiths Fractures
• Extreme pain silver fork deformity
• Splint forearm
• Immobilize wrist elbow
• Leave fingers exposed check circulation
• Apply ice

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Hand

• Carpal Bones
• Anatomical snuffbox - throbbing
• Splint wrist hand
• Leave fingers exposed check circulation
• Apply ice

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Hand

• MetaCarpal Bones
• Boxers Fracture
• Closed fist punch
• Splint wrist hand
• Leave fingers exposed check circulation

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Hand

• Fractured/Dislocated Fingers
• Anatomical splint
• Do not reduce dislocated finger
• Ice

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LOWEREXTREMITYINJURIES
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HIP Injuries

• Hip Pointer
• Bruising from collision/impact
• Inability to bear weight
• Tenderness
• discoloration
• Ice Physician

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Leg Injuries

• Fracture of hamstring attachment
• Buttock pain, swelling
• Roller bandage to support area
• Ice

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Leg Injuries

• Hamstring Strain
• Varying degrees of tenderness
• Roller bandage to support area
• Ice

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Knee Injuries

• Sprained Knee Ligaments
• From external force leg goes beyond normal
  range of motion
• Hyperextension
• Pain, swelling sometimes pop
• Wrap with soft splint
• Immobilize
• Ice

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Knee Injuries

• Dislocated Patella
• From twisting, hyperextension
• Lateral
• Audible pop / pain / inability to straighten /
  swelling

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Knee Injuries

• Dislocated Patella
• Greatest concern is major artery runs behind knee
• Check ankle pulse
• Splint soft
• Ice

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Leg Injuries

• Achilles Tendon Rupture
• Jumping and cutting maneuvers
• Audible pop
• shot in the leg
• Deformity rolls up
• Splint lower leg ice - physician

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Leg Injuries

• Ankle Sprains
• Most common injury
• Swelling on side one side
• Pain / pain to walk
• Ice compression wrap - elevate

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Leg Injuries

• Dislocated Ankle
• Be careful because of arteries
• Splint in position found
• Rush to medical facility
• Ice