Chapter Twenty

1
Chapter Twenty

• Middle Adulthood
• Biosocial Development

2
Normal Changes in Middle Adulthood

• Hair turns gray and thins
• Wrinkles appear and skin becomes dry
• Size and body changes
• Have no significant health affects -self-esteem

3
The Senses

• Hearing
• Some loss, but most hear quite well
• Vision
• More likely to need corrective lenses

4
(No Transcript)
5

• Vital Body systems
• Systematic declines make people more vulnerable
  to disease
• Better health habits today
• Death rates declined to half

6
Health Habits Over The Years

• Middleagers as they hit 40-50 improve their
  health habits
• 1/2 of middle age nonsmokers are former smokers
• Cultural shift to disease prevention

7

• Alcohol
• Comes with notable risk
• Excessive alcohol use
• stresses heart and stomach
• destroys brain cells
• hastens calcium loss
• global disease burden

8

• Nutrition
• Excessive fat consumption
• 40 more norm, s/b 30 of daily diet
• Can lead to heart disease and cancer
• Consumption of fiber
• high fiber diets make some cancers less likely

9

• Obesity
• 2 of 3 people in US between 35 and 65 years of
  age are overweight
• Increases risk of every cause of disease,
  disability and death
• Affects mood
• Depression, suicide
• More likely to be women

10

• Exercise
• Needed to attain and maintain a healthy weight
• Reduces body fat ratio
• Enhances cognitive functioning

11
(No Transcript)
12
Variations in Health

• Four Measures of Health
• Death, Disease, Disability, and Vitality
• Mortality and Morbidity
• Mortality Death rate
• Morbidity
• Diseases of all kinds, chronic and acute

13

• Disability
• Inability to perform activities that others can
• More costly to society
• Vitality
• How healthy and energetic-- physically, socially
  and emotionally
• Quality-adjusted life years (QALYS)
• Years of full vitality

14

• Ethnicity and Health
• African Americans 2X more likely to die
• Asian Americans 1/2 as likely to die
• Some immigrants are healthier than residents
• Only hardiest individuals emigrate
• Health habits better
• Optimism
• Family communication and support

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17

• Sex Differences in Health
• Females less likely to die (estrogen)
• Women have a higher degree of disability and
  disease than men

18
The Sexual-Reproductive System

• Climacteric
• lower vasomotor instability
• temporary disruption in body mechanisms that
  constrict or dilate blood vessels to maintain
  temperature

19

• Symptoms of the Climacteric
• Females
• lower estrogen, osteoporosis, inability to
  reproduce
• hot flushes, hot flashes, cold sweats (vasomotor
  instability)
• Males
• decline in sperm production and motility, lower
  testosterone levels

20

• Hormonal Replacement Therapy
• HRT
• Treatment to compensate for hormone reduction
• Usually involves estrogen and progesterone
• Diminishes risk of heart disease and osteoporosis
• Minimizes symptoms

21

• Age-Related Changes in Sexual Expression
• Changes in Men and Women
• Men sexual stimulation takes longer and needs to
  be more direct
• Women harder to determine, organism is at least
  as strong as in early adulthood
• Couple Changes
• Sex is usually the result of social interaction
• Emotional problems, illness and medications can
  affect sexual performance
• If sex was never great, onset of middle age is an
  excuse to stop trying
• Use it or lose it