Muscles

1
Muscles

• Origin
• Insertion
• Primary Action

2
Head/Neck Muscles

• Frontalis
• Orbicularis oculi
• Orbicularis oris
• Temporalis
• Zygomaticus
• Masseter
• Buccinator
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Platysma

3
Frontalis

• Origin
• Cranial aponeurosis
• Insertion
• Skin of eyebrows
• Primary Action
• Raises eyebrows

4
Orbicularis oculi

• Origin
• Frontal bone and maxilla
• Insertion
• Tissue around the eyes
• Primary Actions
• Blinks
• Closes eyes

5
Orbicularis oris

• Origin
• Maxilla and mandible
• Insertion
• Skin and muscle around the mouth
• Primary Actions
• Closes and protrudes lips
• Known as the kissing muscle because it is used to
  pucker the lips.

6
Temporalis

• Origin
• Temporal bone
• Insertion
• Mandible
• Primary Action
• Closes jaw

7
Zygomaticus

• Origin
• Zygomatic bone
• Insertion
• Skin and muscle at corners of lips
• Primary Action
• Raises corner of mouth

8
Masseter

• Origin
• Zygomatic arch
• Insertion
• Mandible
• Primary Action
• Closes jaw

9
Buccinator

• Origin
• Maxilla and mandible near molars
• Insertion
• Orbicularis oris
• Primary Actions
• Compresses cheek as in whistling and sucking
• Holds food between teeth during chewing

10
Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin
• Sternum and clavicle
• Insertion
• Mastoid process of the temporal bone
• Primary Actions
• Flexes the neck
• Rotates head

11
Platysma

• Origin
• Connective tissue covering of superior chest
  muscles
• Insertion
• Tissue around the mouth
• Primary Action
• Pulls corners of the mouth inferiorly

12
Neck/Trunk/ Shoulder Muscles

• Superficial anterior muscles
• Pectoralis major
• Rectus abdominis
• External oblique
• Superficial posterior muscles
• Trapezius
• Latissimus dorsi
• Erector spinae
• Deltoid

13
Pectoralis major

• Origin
• Clavicle
• Sternum
• 1st to 6th ribs
• Insertion
• Proximal humerus
• Primary Action
• Adducts and flexes humerus

14
Rectus abdominis

• Origin
• Pubis
• Insertion
• Ribs 5-7
• Sternum
• Primary Action
• Flexes vertebral column

15
External oblique

• Origin
• Lower 8 ribs
• Insertion
• Iliac crest
• Primary Actions
• Rotates and flexes vertebral column

16
Trapezius

• Origin
• Occipital bone
• All cervical and thoracic vertebrae
• Insertion
• Clavicle
• Scapular spine
• Primary Action
• Extends head and neck

17
Latissimus dorsi

• Origin
• Lower spine
• Iliac crest
• Insertion
• Proximal humerus
• Primary Actions
• Extends and adducts humerus

18
Erector spinae

• Origin
• Iliac crest
• Vertebræ
• Ribs 3-12
• Insertion
• Thoracic and cervical vertebrae
• Ribs
• Primary Action
• Extends the vertebral column

19
Deltoid

• Origin
• Clavicle
• Spine of scapula
• Insertion
• Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
• Primary Action
• Abducts arm

20
Shoulder/Arm/Forearm Muscles

• Biceps brachii
• Brachialis
• Deltoid
• Triceps brachii
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Flexor digitorum superficialis
• Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
• Extensor digitorum

21
Biceps brachii

• Origin
• Short head tip of coracoid process of scapula
• Long head supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
• Insertion
• Proximal radius
• Primary Actions
• Supinates forearm
• Flexes elbow

22
Brachialis

• Origin
• Distal humerus
• Insertion
• Proximal ulna
• Primary Action
• Flexes elbow

23
Deltoid

• Origin
• Clavicle
• Spine of scapula
• Insertion
• Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
• Primary Action
• Abducts arm

24
Triceps brachii

• Origin
• Long head scapula
• Lateral head proximal humerus
• Medial head proximal humerus
• Insertion
• Olecranon process of ulna
• Primary Action
• Extends elbow

25
Flexor carpi radialis

• Origin
• Distal humerus
• Insertion
• Base of 2nd metacarpal
• Primary Actions
• Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)

26
Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Origin
• Humeral head distal humerus
• Ulnar head posterior ulna
• Insertion
• Carpals (pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone)
• 5th metacarpal bone
• Primary Action
• Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)

27
Flexor digitorum superficialis

• Origin
• Humoulnar head distal humerus and ulna
• Radial head superior half of radius
• Insertion
• Middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
• Primary Action
• Flexes wrist and fingers

28
Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Origin
• Humerus
• Insertion
• Base of 2nd metacarpal
• Primary Actions
• Extends and abducts hand at wrist

29
Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Origin
• Humerus
• Insertion
• Base of 3rd metacarpal
• Action
• Extends and abducts hand at wrist

30
Extensor digitorum

• Origin
• Distal humerus
• Insertion
• Phalanges of 2nd to 5th fingers
• Primary Actions
• Extends fingers
• Extends hand at wrist

31
Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Anterior

• Iliopsoas
• Adductor muscles
• Sartorius
• Quadriceps group
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus intermedius
• Vastus lateralis
• Rectus femoris
• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Fibularis muscles

32
Iliopsoas

• Origin
• Psoas lumbar vertebrae
• Iliacus ilium
• Insertion
• Femur (lesser trochanter)
• Primary Action
• Flexes the hip

33
Adductor muscles

• Origin
• Pubis
• Insertion
• Femur
• Tibia
• Primary Action
• Adducts thigh

34
Sartorius

• Origin
• Ilium
• Insertion
• Proximal tibia
• Primary Actions
• Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh

35
Quadriceps Group

• Vastus medialis
• Origin
• Femur
• Insertion
• Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Primary Action
• Extends the knee

36
Quadriceps Group

• Vastus intermedius
• Origin
• Femur
• Insertion
• Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Primary Action
• Extends the knee

37
Quadriceps Group

• Vastus lateralis
• Origin
• Femur
• Insertion
• Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Primary Action
• Extends the knee

38
Quadriceps Group

• Rectus femoris
• Origin
• Ilium
• Insertion
• Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Primary Actions
• Extends the knee
• Flexes thigh (hip)

39
Tibialis anterior

• Origin
• Proximal tibia
• Insertion
• First cuneiform and first metatarsal
• Primary Actions
• Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

40
Extensor digitorum longus

• Origin
• Proximal tibia and fibula
• Insertion
• Distal phalanges 2-5
• Primary Actions
• Extends toes 2 - 5
• Dorsiflexes foot

41
Fibularis or peroneus muscles

• Peroneus longus
• Origin
• Fibula
• Insertion
• Tarsal (medial cuneiform) and 1st metatarsal
• Primary Actions
• Plantarflexion
• Eversion

42
Fibularis or peroneus muscles

• Peroneus brevis
• Origin
• Fibula
• Insertion
• Fifth metatarsal
• Primary Actions
• Plantarflexion
• Eversion

43
Fibularis or peroneus muscles

• Peroneus tertius
• Origin
• Fibula
• Insertion
• Fifth metatarsal
• Primary Actions
• Plantarflexion
• Eversion

44
Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Posterior

• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius
• Hamstring muscles
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Biceps femoris
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus

45
Gluteus maximus

• Origin
• Ilium, sacrum and coccyx
• Insertion
• Lateral femur
• Primary Action
• Extends hip

46
Gluteus medius

• Origin
• Ilium
• Insertion
• Greater trochanter of femur
• Primary Actions
• Abducts thigh
• Steadies pelvis during walking

47
Hamstring Muscles

• Semitendinosus
• Origin
• Ischial tuberosity
• Insertion
• Proximal tibia
• Primary Actions
• Extends the thigh
• Flexes the knee

48
Hamstring Muscles

• Semimembranosus
• Origin
• Ischial tuberosity
• Insertion
• Proximal tibia
• Primary Action
• Extends the thigh
• Flexes the knee

49
Hamstring Muscles

• Biceps femoris
• Origin
• Long head ischial tuberosity
• Short head lateral femur
• Insertion
• Head of fibula
• Primary Actions
• Extends the thigh
• Flexes the knee

Long head Short head
50
Gastrocnemius

• Origin
• Medial head medial epicondyle of femur
• Lateral head lateral epicondyle of femur
• Insertion
• Calcaneus
• Primary Actions
• Flexes knee
• Plantar flexes foot

51
Soleus

• Origin
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Insertion
• Calcaneus
• Action
• Plantar flexes foot