TIBIA

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BONY ANATOMY OF THE KNEE

• TIBIA

FIBULA
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FEMUR
PATELLA
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KNEE JOINT LINE

• The joint line of the knee is where the tibia and
  the femur meet.

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TIBIA

• The tibia is main weight bearing bone of the
  lower leg.
• The proximal end of the tibia is part of the knee
  joint.

• The top of the tibia is flat and
• is called the tibial plateau.

• LABEL TIBIA ON YOUR
• WORKSHEET.
• CIRCLE THE TIBIAL PLATEAU
• ON YOUR WORKSHEET.

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FIBULA

• The fibula is a NON- weight bearing bone on the
  lateral aspect of the lower leg.
• The proximal end of the fibula is near the knee
  joint but is not considered an actual part of the
  joint.

• LABEL FIBULA ON YOUR
• WORKSHEET.

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FEMUR

• A common name for the femur is the thigh bone.
• The femur is the longest, largest, strongest bone
  in your body.
• When you stand or walk, all the weight of your
  upper body rests on them.
• The femur is part of the knee joint distally
• and the hip joint proximally.

LABEL THE FEMUR ON YOUR WORKSHEET
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PATELLA

• The common name for the patella is the kneecap.
• The patella is an irregularly shaped bone.
• The anterior surface is smooth and rounded.
• The posterior surface is wedge-shaped.
• It is possible to break your kneecap!

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BONES OF THE KNEE JOINT
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KNEE MOTIONS

• FLEXION
• Bending the knee

EXTENSION Straightening the leg
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KNEE MOTION

• The knee joint is a hinge joint.
• Flexion and extension happens between the femur
  and the tibial plateau.
• The patella articulates with the femoral groove.

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PATELLAR TENDON

• The patellar tendon attaches the patella to the
  tibial tuberosity.
• DISTALLY, all Quadriceps muscles attach firmly to
  the superior edge of the patella.

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KNEE LIGAMENTS

• Ligaments run from bone to bone. There are 4.
• Ligaments hold bones together.
• Ligaments are not involved in moving a joint!
• They have different shapes. Some are like cords.
  Some are thin and wide.

(POSTERIOR VIEW)
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KNEE LIGAMENTS MEDIAL
(MEDIAL VIEW)

• Medial Collateral Ligament
• (MCL)

• Attaches to the femur and to the tibia.

• 2 layers
• Outer longer
• Inner shorter

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KNEE LIGAMENTS - LATERAL
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

• Attaches to the femur and the head of the fibula.
• Easily palpated along the lateral aspect of the
  knee when knee is extended.
• Cord-like in shape.

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KNEE LIGAMENTS INTERNAL

• ACL
• A nterior
• C ruciate
• L igament

femur
The ACL attaches to the femur and to the tibia in
the center of the knee joint. It attaches
posteriorly on the femur but angles forward to
attach at the front of the tibial plateau.
tibia
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KNEE LIGAMENTS INTERNAL

• ACL
• Keeps the tibia from moving forward on the femur
• (Anterior Translation)

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KNEE LIGAMENTS INTERNAL
PCL P osterior C ruciate L igament
femur
The PCL attaches in the opposite direction of the
ACL - anteriorly on the femur but angles backward
to attach over the edge and in the back of the
tibia. It crosses the ACL inside the knee joint.

tibia
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KNEE MUSCLES
QUADRICEPS (4) Rectus femoris (Vastus
Intermedius) Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis
Major Motion Extension of the Knee
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QUADRICEPS 1

• Rectus femoris
• Muscle starts on Pelvis
• Ends at top of Patella
• Crosses two joints

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QUADRICEPS 2

• Vastus intermedius
• Muscle starts along the lateral edge of the
  femur.
• Ends at top of Patella.
• Hidden underneath the rectus femoris.

Front View
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QUADRICEPS 3

• Vastus Medialis
• Muscle starts along the medial edge of the
  femur.
• Ends at top of Patella.
• Upper part hidden under other muscles.
• Can be palpated near the knee.

Front View
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QUADRICEPS 4

• Vastus Lateralis
• Muscle starts along the lateral edge of the
  femur
• Ends at top of Patella.
• Upper part hidden under other muscles.
• Can be palpated near the knee.

Front View
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QUIZ - QUADS
Rectus femoris (Vastus Intermedius) Vastu
s Lateralis Vastus Medialis
Major Motion Extension of the Knee
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KNEE MUSCLES
HAMSTRINGS (3) Biceps femoris Semitendonosus Semim
embranosus
Major Motion Flexion of the Knee
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HAMSTRING 1

• Biceps femoris
• Muscle has two starting points
• Ishial Tuberosity (bone you sit on) and along
  back of femur
• Ends at Head of Fibula
• Crosses two joints

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HAMSTRING 2

• Semitendonosus
• Muscle originates on the Ishial Tuberosity
• Ends at medial edge of tibia.
• Inserts over the top of the semimembranosus,
  almost a common tendon.

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HAMSTRING 3

• Semimembranosus
• Muscle originates on the Ishial Tuberosity
• Ends at medial edge of tibia.
• Inserts close to semitendonsus, almost a common
  tendon.

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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

• Articular cartilage lines the ends of the bones
  (tibia, femur) and the undersurface of the
  patella.
• Articular cartilage protects the ends of the
  bones from the forces of running, jumping and
  walking.

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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

• Articular cartilage can be torn or crushed by a
  force injury, such as a sudden hard step or a
  twisting motion where the femur twists on top of
  the tibia.
• Articular cartilage can also be worn down by use
  over time, exposing the bone to the forces of
  motion.

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MENISCUS

• Two half-moon shaped pieces of cartilage that lie
  between surfaces of the femur and the tibia.

• The meniscus (menisci) absorb the large amount of
  shock that occurs when the bones crash together
  while walking, running and jumping.

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MENISCUS

• The menisci also provide a cradle for the femur
  to sit atop the tibia instead of slipping off
  when moving.
• This cradle helps to keep the knee joint stable,

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MENISCUS

• The meniscus is for the most part avascular,
  meaning it doesn't have blood vessels throughout
  the tissue.
• Only the outermost 20 of the meniscus has a
  blood supply.

As a result, a torn meniscus doesn't have the
ability to heal itself unless there is just a
small tear confined to the peripheral vascular
zone.
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MENISCUS

• MEDIAL MENISCUS
• LATERAL MENISCUS

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KNEE ANATOMY QUIZ

• Identify the numbered structures
• 1, 3, 4, 6,
• 8, 9, 11, 12

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KNEE ANATOMY QUIZ

• Number your paper from
• 1 to 6.

• 1. Name 3 of the 4 bones that make up the knee
  joint.

2. True/False The quadriceps are in the front of
the thigh.
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KNEE ANATOMY QUIZ
3. What are the 2 C shaped items in this
picture?
4. What is the function of these, in the knee?
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KNEE ANATOMY QUIZ

• 5. T/F The hamstrings are made of up 4 muscles
  that flex and extend the knee.

6. Two of the hamstrings attach to the knee in
the same place. Name that place.