Astronomy Research Networking

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Pacific Rim Networking Meeting
Astronomy Research Networking 22 February
2002 Jim Kennedy Gemini Observatory Important
Contributions by Dick Crutcher, NCSA, UIUC Tom
Troyland, UKY Arun Venkataraman, NAIC Steve
Grandi, NOAO Ryusuke Ogasawara, NAOJ
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Research Objectives

• Understand the Universe
• Its Origins
• Current State
• Its Destination
• Origins of Life in the Universe
• Connecting Relativity and QCD, (GUTs/TOEs)
• And Other Modest Goals

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Research Tools and Venues

• Multi Color Observations, Pictures Spectra
• Radio
• IR
• Visible
• UV
• X-Rays
• Cosmic Rays
• Earth-Based
• Less expensive and maintainable, often remote
• Space-Based
• Removes atmospheric effects, even more remote

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Data Types and Analysis

• Pictures - 8Kx8K, 16Kx16K, and larger
• Wavelength Spectra - like above
• Temporal Spectra - from time series
• --------------------------------------------------
  
• Raw Data Calibration and Reduction
• Image Enhancement and Reconstruction
• Aperture Synthesis Passive and Radar
• Fourier and Spherical-Harmonic Transforms
• Other Sophisticated Analysis Techniques

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Typical Issues

• Multi-Site, Multinational Coordination
• Geographically Diverse Communities
• Analysis of Large Data Sets
• Harsh and Remote Environments
• Economical Operations
• Effective Communication with the Public

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Typical Network Approaches

• Videoconferencing (H.323), Telecollaboration
• Remote Observing, Sea Level or Remote Site
• Automated Observing Sequences
• Data Delivery to Scientists and Archives
• Remote Analysis of Data, Grid Processing
• Network-based Education and Outreach

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Five Examples

• Gemini Observatory Hawaii, Arizona, Chilean
  Andes
• Two 8m, IR/O Telescopes, at 14,000 and 9,000 ft -
  Seven-nation Partnership
• Hawaii, US Mainland, Australia, Chile, Canada
• Arecibo Observatory Puerto Rico New York
• 1,000 ft Radio Telescope - US National Facility
• Worldwide collaborations
• NOAO Arizona, New Mexico, Chilean Andes
• Visible and IR nighttime and solar facilities -
  US National Facility
• US Mainland, Hawaii, Australia, Chile, Worldwide
  collaborations
• ALMA Chile and elsewhere
• 64-Antenna Radio Array at 16,400 ft in Chile -
  Multinational Partnership
• Chile, Japan (planned), Others
• Subaru Hawaii, Japan
• 8m, O/IR Telescope, at 14,000
• Hawaii, Japan

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Subaru
Kitt Peak
ALMA
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Caveats

• Each of these facilities has a great deal in
  common regarding their application needs,
  although the balance between them varies.
• The numbers that follow may be too conservative
  since. In several cases they assume some
  supercomputer-level on-site processing, rather
  than external centers or Grid processing. This
  assumption could prove incorrect.

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Each Gemini Telescope

• Video/Audio (low latency)
• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)
• Real-Time Reduction (quick look)
• Data Delivery to Observers
• Data Archives (CADC)
• Remote Analysis
• Outreach (low latency)
• Bandwidth Requirements
• Today Average 6 Mbps Peak 25 Mbps
• 2005 Average 18 Mbps Peak 50 Mbps

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Geminis Primary Research Links(Logical
Topography)
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Arecibo (NAIC)

• Video/Audio (low latency)
• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)
• Real-Time Analysis (e.g. pulsars and radar)
• Data Delivery to Observers
• Data Archives
• Remote Analysis (near-real-time and batch )
• Outreach (low latency)
• Bandwidth Requirements
• Today Average 10 Mbps Peak 45 Mbps
  Soon Average 20 Mbps Peak 200 Mbps

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NOAO KPNO, CTIO, NSO(Each Site)

• Video/Audio (low latency)
• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)
• Data Delivery to Observers (several scopes)
• Data Delivery to Internet (10-min turn)
• Data Archives (NVO)
• Remote Analysis
• Outreach (low latency)
• Bandwidth Requirements
• Today Average 10 Mbps Peak 35 Mbps
• Soon Average 25 Mbps Peak 60 Mbps

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ALMA

• Video/Audio (low latency)
• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)
• Real-Time Time Series Reduction (on site?)
• Data Delivery to Observers (all are remote)
• Data Archives (NVO)
• Remote Analysis (supercomputer/Grid)
• Outreach (low latency)
• Bandwidth Requirements
• 2006 Average 32 Mbps Peak 130 Mbps

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NAOJ Subaru

• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)
• Data Delivery to Observers (several scopes)
• Data Delivery to Internet (near real time)
• Remote Analysis
• Video/Audio (low latency)
• Outreach (low latency)
• Bandwidth Requirements
• Soon Average 12 Mbps Peak 155 Mbps

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Future Needs

• The rapid growth rate of instrument technology
  and sophisticated data analysis makes future
  bandwidth and QoS requirements difficult to
  predict with accuracy.
• We risk to underestimate them on more than a
  four- or five-year time scale.

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• End