Lesson 31 Participles (cont.)

1
Lesson 31Participles (cont.)

• Verbal Adjectives

2
Second Aorist Participle

• Formation
• Use same endings as present participle.
• Use Second Aorist stem no augment.
• 2 Aorist Act. Part. 2 Aor.stem wn( ousa(
  on ( 250) (declines like Pres. Act. Part.
  except accent.)
• 2 Aorist Mid. Part. 2 Aor. Stem omenoj(
  omenh( omenon (252) (declines like Pres.
  Mid. Part.)
• Translation
• Difference from Pres. Part. punctiliar rather
  than durative.
• Usually indicates action prior to action of
  finite verb.
• Rough translation
• lamba,nwn (pres.) receiving
• labw,n (2 aor.) having received

3
Participle Usage

• (Note any tense of part. can be used in any
  usage.)
• 1. Attributive ( 244) see Lesson 30
• Has article modifies a noun.
• Translate the blanking noun the noun which
  blanks.
• o lamba,nwn anqrwpoj the man who receives.
• o labw,n anqrwpoj the man who received.
• 2. Substantive ( 245) see Lesson 30
• Has article stands in place of understood noun.
• Translate the blanking one the one who
  blanks.
• o lamba,nwn the one receiving the one who
  receives.
• o labw,n the one having received the one
  who received.
• (See 253 for attributive/substantive use of
  aor. part.)

4
Participle Usage cont.

• 3. Circumstantial ( 254, 256)
• Does not have an article.
• Agrees with any noun or pronoun in sentence (or
  with the understood subject of verb).
• Does not modify noun but makes additional
  statement.
• Describes a circumstance under which action of
  finite verb takes place.
• Translation can be tricky
• First attempt try a participial phrase.
• If necessary expand it into a subordinate
  clause.
• Supply a subordinate conjunction based on sense
  of context
• Temporal while, as (pres.) when, after (aor.)
• Causal because
• Concessive whereas, although
• Telic (purpose) (in order) to
• Consecutive and

5
Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• eivpw.n tau/ta avph/lqen)
• eivpw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having said these things, he
  departed.
• Expansion if necessary for clarity
• Temporal When/after he said these things, he
  departed.
• Consecutive He said these things and departed.
• ivdw.n tau/ta evdo,xaze to.n qeo,n)
• ivdw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having seen these things, he was
  glorifying God.
• Temporal When/after he saw these things, he was
  glorifying God.
• Causal Because he saw these things, he was
  glorifying God.
• Consecutive He saw these things and was
  glorifying God.

6
Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• 3. eivpw.n tau/ta avpe,rcetai)
• eivpw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having said these things, he
  departs.
• Temporal When/after he said these things, he
  departs.
• 4. pare,labon auvto.n eivpo,nta tau/ta)
• eivpo,nta agrees with auvto.n.
• First attempt They received him having said
  these things. (Cant leave it this way unclear
  who said these things.)
• Temporal They received him when/after he said
  these things.
• Causal They received him because he said these
  things.

7
Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• 5. tuflo.j wn arti ble,pw)
• wn agrees with understood I.
• First attempt Being blind, now I see.
• Concessive Whereas/although I was blind, now I
  see.
• Hymnic (?) I once was blind but now I see.
• 6. ercomai zhtw/n karpo,n)
• zhtw/n agrees with understood I.
• First attempt I come seeking fruit.
• Telic (purpose) I come (in order) to seek
  fruit.

8
Examples of Circumstantial Participles ( 254)

• 7. poreuo,menoi evkh,russon)
• poreuo,menoi agrees with understood they.
• First attempt Advancing (going), they were
  preaching.
• Temporal As/while they were advancing (going),
  they were preaching. (Note pres. part.
  translated past because finite verb is imperf.)
• 8. hlqon zhtw/n ka,rpon)
• zhtw/n agrees with understood I.
• First attempt I came seeking fruit.
• Telic (purpose) I came (in order) to seek
  fruit.
• 9. upolabw.n eipen)
• upolabw.n agrees with understood he.
• First attempt Having answered (answering), he
  said.
• Consecutive He answered and said. (Note aor.
  part. here is simultaneous with finite verb.)