GENDERWISE

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TIMES AND PLACES OF CARE
Women and men time use in Turin Luca Palese
Time and Motion Department Turin
Municipality The daily mothers
experience Gaudenzia Caselli La Cicogna
Association
GENDERWISE
Gender Equality in the workplace
2st Trasnational Workshop
Enna 6-7 October 2006
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Time and Motion Department

• 1994 Time and Motion Office
• 2001 Territorial plan of the times of the city
• 2002-2003 Istat research Time Use

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Time Use research

• Istat - april 2002 / march 2003
• Turin and metropolitan area sample of 1830
  families, 4500 people
• Turin is the only italian city having datas about
  citizens time use
• Comparisons between Turin and
• - Europe
• - Italy
• - Turin in 1979

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Time Use - aims

• To understand citizens and family daily life
  organization (time balances)
• To point out critical aspects
• To contribute to the definition of more
  appropriate public policies, meeting citizens
  needs

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Time Use - instruments

• Daily diary (time budget) with recordings every
  10 minutes
• Weekly diary of work activities
• Individual questionnaire

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Time use in Italy and Europe Women in Italy are
the most weighed down with family work, in
Sweden women are those who devote less time to
family work Source Eurostat Time Use
Time devoted to work (paid and family) female
population - 20-74 years old per type of work
and country
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Time use in Italy and Europe Italian men devote
less time (compared with men in other countries)
and more time to paid work the breadwinner role
is emphasized Source Eurostat Time Use
Time devoted to work (paid and family) - male
population - 20-74 years old per country (mean in
hours and minutes)
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Daily time use in Turin - male and female
workers 25-54 years old (2002/03) A high
gender asymmetry
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Turin 1979 2002/03A little revolution in daily
life organization (active population 24 64
years old)

• The total sample time of paid work is steady.
  Time of reproduction is reduced of about 1 hour
  (from 413 to 315). The reduction is mostly
  relative to houseworks (from 312 to 211)
• Women paid work is increased of about 1 hour
  family work goes from 653 to 441, whereas child
  care is increased
• Men their participation to family work is
  increased, but in a small degree from 115 to
  146
• Spare time is strongly reduced for everybody

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Time Use TurinDaily time devoted to transfers
is relevant and tends to increase

• Turin 1979 - 2002/03
• from 1h12' to 1h35'
• from 58' to 1h29' for women

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The number of services supporting the family and
the timetables of public services are not
appropriate to the question of conciliation Have
you any difficulties to conciliate your work time
with ? (Time Use - Turin)
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Critical points

• From the time organizations point of view we
  found two critical age groups
• family with women of 25-44 years old - the time
  of family formation
• family with women of 45-64 years old often
  sons are still at home but new needs of care
  begins to come out from the family network

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Bearable balances?

• Dual worker families (prevailing in Turin)
  have a instable timebalance
• The system works well thanks to a great number of
  services, but it is not sufficient
• Expecially thanks to family networks
  (grandparents), a resource not more available for
  the next generation
• In the middle-term, the system is unbalanced

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TIME USE Turin 2002/2003 Daily activities of
couples (25 - 44 years old) per gender and type
of couple.
Fonte TIME USE - ISTAT
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TIME USE Comparison between Italy 1988/89
Italy 2002/03 Turin 2002/03. Family work
activities - Fathers, 25 - 44 years old, with at
least one child 0-13 years old per type of
activity.
Fonte TIME USE - ISTAT
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TIME USE Turin 2002/2003 Child care
activities couples with woman 25 44 years old
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Change stimulus

• Service policy for the family
• Reform of work timetables (personalization,
  family friendly flexibility)
• Cultural change a new mens role, care rights

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Breadwinner Caregiver Personal sphere
Breadwinner Caregiver Personal sphere
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Breadwinner Caregiver Personal sphere
Breadwinner Caregiver Personal sphere
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To get nourishment To get care To play and to
learn
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