America moves toward war

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America moves toward war

• Cash-And-Carry (1939)
• FDR asks Congress to allow nations to buy
  American weapons and supplies as long as they
  paid cash and carried the goods home in their own
  ships
• Who did this help?

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Axis Threat

• Germany, Italy, and Japan sign treaties in Sept,
  1940 become the Axis Powers
• WHY? To keep the U.S. out of the war
• U.S. begins to build up military- Selective
  Training and Service Act

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Election of 1940

• FDR is 1st President to be elected for the 3rd
  time
• Promises to keep the U.S. out of the war

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Lend-Lease Plan

• Britain out of to buy U.S. weapons
• Congress allows the U.S. to lend or lease arms to
  any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.
• Who did this apply to?
• GB and USSR (had been invaded by Germany in 1941)

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We lent GB war planes and gunpowder
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U.S. Plans for War

• Atlantic Charter Britain and the U.S. declare
  why they are opposed to the Axis Powers
• Sept 1941 German wolf packs begin sinking U.S.
  cargo ships

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Japan Attacks!

• WHY? Japan wants Empire and U.S./ GB/ French
  colonies in their way
• Japan needs U.S. oil for fuel
• Nov,1941- Japan sends peace envoy to D.C.
• Late Nov, FDR sends war warning to Hawaii,
  Guam, and Philippines
• Dec 6, 1941- FDR receives coded message that
  tells peace envoy to reject U.S. proposals

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Mobilizing at Home

• 5 million volunteered, 10 million drafted
• WAAC (Womens Auxiliary Army Corps)

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Minorities in the War

• Mexican-Americans 500,000 served, saw heavy
  action

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Minorities in the War

• 1 million African-Americans served in segregated
  troops

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Minorities in the War

• 50,000 Asian Americans served as spies and
  interpreters

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Minorities in the War

• 25,000 Native Americans served
• Navajo Code Talkers

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Home Front

• Factories converted to war-time production
• 6 million women joined the workforce
• Rosie the Riveter

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OSRD

• Office of Scientific Research and Development
• Improved sonar, radar, and battlefield medicine
  (penicillin)

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Economic Control

• Govt had to monitor inflation of goods
  produced was decreasing, peoples income was
  increasing
• OPA Office of Price Administration
• Froze the price of most goods
• Raised income taxes and encouraged war bonds

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WPB- War Production Board

• Decided which companies would convert from
  peacetime to wartime production
• Organized recycling drives for scrap metal, rags,
  paper

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Rationing- fixed allotment of goods

• Rationing books (coupons) for meat, sugar, gas,
  etc.
• Fashions changed
• shortage of material

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War for Europe and North Africa

• U.S. and GB have 2 GOALS
• Defeat Germany (unconditional surrender- nothing
  less)
• Focus on the Pacific

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Eastern Front (USSR)

• 1942-1943- Battle of Stalingrad
• Germany surrenders but the Soviets lose 1.25
  million soldiers and civilians
• 2 months of hand-to-hand street fighting

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North Africa- Operation Torch

• 1942-1943 Allies (led by Eisenhower) chase German
  General Rommel (The Desert Fox)
• Germany surrenders May, 1943

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Italy

• Allies capture Sicily in summer, 1943
• Bloody Anzio early 1944- Axis defeated

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Mussolini executed by Italians in April, 1945

• Italy joins the Allies

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Battle of the Bulge

• Outside the town of Bastogne
• Dec, 1944
• Allies move closer to Germany, Germany retreats
  then stops for a surprise attack
• Lasted a month in the winter Hitlers last stand

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V-E Day
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• Hitler writes final letter blaming the Jews
• He and new wife Eva Braun commit suicide in
  Berlin bunker
• May 8th UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER