BA 210: Leadership II

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BA 210 Leadership II
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Admin
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Individuals and Groups
Foundations of Behavior
Motivation
Leadership
Teams
Communication
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Todays Objective and Roadmap

• To understand the most powerful leadership model
  - Transformational Leadership in some depth.
• Transformational Leadership
• Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership
• Charisma and Vision
• Video Example
• Case Example
• Can Leadership be learned?
• Gender differences in leadership

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Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership

• Transactional Leaders Guide or motivate their
  followers in the direction of established goals
  by clarifying role and task requirements
• Theories of leadership and motivation so far
  emphasize an underlying exchange model.
• Transformational Leaders - Inspire followers to
  transcend their self-interests and limits for the
  group
• Performance beyond expectations Generate
  extraordinary effort directed toward shared
  goals.
• Can literally transform and revolutionize
  organizations.
• Transformational Transactional leadership are
  complementary, not mutually exclusive.

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• As Acting General Manager, Henderson was first
  in line to head the plant, but the Management
  Committee had reservations about him. He had
  applied cost accounting to examining each section
  of the plant and correcting what was needed to
  improve operational efficiency. He was good at
  getting agreements with each unit supervisor on
  specific production targets and working to see
  that they were met. People knew what they were
  to do and whether they had achieved the
  agreed-upon goals. He made the situation
  comfortable and smooth-running. He was liked by
  those around him, but he was colorless and did
  not inspire anyone to exert themselves to come up
  with new ideas or to feel or see that they and
  the plant could become the best in the business
  under his leadership. Doubts were expressed
  about how he would handle a crisis.
• Henderson was satisfactory but the committee
  was looking for something additional in the
  leader they were seeking for the plant.

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Key Influences of Transformational Leaders

• Perform beyond expectations Make subordinates
  aware how important their jobs are and how
  crucial it is that they perform at their best.
• Transcend self-interest Motivate subordinates to
  work for the good of the organization/group as a
  whole, and not just for their own personal gain
  and benefits.
• Transcend limitations Make subordinates
  nevertheless aware of needs for personal growth,
  development and accomplishment.

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How it is done The four elements of
transformational leadership

• Idealized influence
• serving as (charismatic) role model to followers
  gaining trust and exhibiting integrity
• Inspirational motivation
• articulation of clear, appealing, and inspiring
  vision
• Intellectual stimulation
• stimulating creativity by questioning assumptions
  and challenging the status quo
• Individualized consideration
• attending to individual needs of followers

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Does Transformational Leadership Matter?Effects
on Subordinate Motivation
Transformational Leadership Score (0-10)
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Transformational Leadership predicts
subordinates satisfaction with leader
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Charismatic and Visionary Leadership

• Charismatic leader Self-confident leader who is
  able to get others to identify with their vision,
  often on a very personal level.
• Includes ideas of being visionary, taking risks,
  out-of-the-ordinary behavior.
• Hard to pin down charisma
• Visionary leadership Ability to create and
  articulate a realistic, credible and attractive
  vision of the future.

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Charisma at FedEx
Score on measure of transformational leadership
in standard deviation units
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Martin Luther King I have a dream

• How effective was his leadership?
• How many people have a national holiday in their
  memory?
• The quality of the speech itself
• Dramatizes how important communication is to
  leadership
• Though that is not where our attention must be
  today
• Assess how he embodies the elements of
  transform-ational leadership
• Think about how he affects his audience
• Take some notes, try to get one in each category

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Examples
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Examples
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A business example Jan Carlzon at Scandinavian
Airlines
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Jan Carlzon at Scandinavian Airlines

• The story new CEO Carlzon leads dramatic
  turnaround of a demoralized, failing airline
  beset by increasing competition, through
  successfully focusing on the business traveler

• Business traveler satisfaction before
• 1. Singapore
• 15. Scandinavian
• 16. Eastern
• Out of 29

• Business traveler satisfaction after
• 1. Singapore
• 2. Scandinavian
• 27. Eastern
• 28. Aeroflot

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How did Carlzon do it?

• Idealized Influence
• Was always out in front, always talking with
  employees instead of sitting in his office. He
  embodied the effort.
• Inspirational Motivation
• The vision serving the business traveler ... not
  novel, but desirable and feasible. Also vision
  of success, of prestige
• Intellectual Stimulation
• New way to think everything around business
  travelers
• Individualized Consideration
• We can do it feel proud new uniforms as symbol

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Carlzons Little Red Book
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Can Transformational Leadership Be Learned?
Study of Bank Managers
Transformational leadership
Source Barling, J., Weber, T., Kelloway, E. K.
(1996). Effects of transformational leadership
training on attitudinal and financial outcomes A
field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology,
81, 827-832.
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Effects of Transformational Leadership
TrainingSubordinate Organizational Commitment
organizational commitment
Source Barling, J., Weber, T., Kelloway, E. K.
(1996). Effects of transformational leadership
training on attitudinal and financial outcomes A
field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology,
81, 827-832.
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Effects of Transformational Leadership
TrainingSubordinate Job Performance
Personal loan sales
2 weeks before training
5 months after training
Source Barling, J., Weber, T., Kelloway, E. K.
(1996). Effects of transformational leadership
training on attitudinal and financial outcomes A
field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology,
81, 827-832.
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Gender predicts leadership style

• Research finds
• Women tend to adopt more democratic style, share
  power and information, and attempt to enhance
  followers self-worth.
• Men tend to .

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Major Points for Leadership

• Leaders vs. Managers
• Behavioral Models
• Task (Initiating structure) vs. People
  (consideration) orientation
• Autocratic vs. participative (democratic)
  leadership
• Contingency Models Path-Goal- Match leadership
  to situation
• Clarify path, provide appropriate rewards
• Help followers overcome obstacles
• Transformational vs. transactional leadership
• Performance beyond expectations
• Four elements of transformational leadership
• Leadership can be learned
• Gender differences

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Next Time

• Groups and Teams Chapter 15 of textbook
• T123 (1-18) Skip 4,6,7,12,17.
• Mastering Management Groups and Teams module
• Complete the introduction, concepts, exercises
  and resolution sections of the Groups and Teams
  module